护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
哪块肌肉是肘关节的主要伸肌?
头部侧面翼点处受到打击,导致硬膜外血肿。通常撕裂的是哪条血管?
心输出量等于心率乘以:
肺栓塞阻断了一个通气良好的肺区的血流。该区域的通气/血流(V/Q)比值如何变化?
Yeast in bread dough breaks down sugar without oxygen. What does it produce?
Two parents who both have a genetic condition have a child who does not. Assuming a single gene, what inheritance pattern does this show?
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) is used for IV fluids. How is it described compared with blood?
下列哪一种是弱酸?
答案: B · 肱三头肌
肱三头肌止于尺骨鹰嘴,使肘关节伸展。肱二头肌和肱肌是屈肘肌。
答案: A · 脑膜中动脉
脑膜中动脉位于翼点下方,那里的颅骨很薄。它破裂后在颅骨与硬脑膜之间出血。桥静脉破裂则引起硬膜下血肿。
答案: A · 每搏输出量
CO = HR × SV。静息时约 70 次/分 × 70 mL ≈ 5 L/分。
答案: A · 变得非常高,起无效腔的作用
有通气无血流使 V/Q 比值非常高(无效腔)。分流(如肺炎)则相反:有血流无通气。
答案: B · Ethanol and carbon dioxide
Yeast carries out alcoholic fermentation, turning pyruvate into ethanol and carbon dioxide. The CO₂ makes bread rise, and the ethanol evaporates during baking. Human muscle cells make lactic acid instead.
答案: D · Autosomal dominant, with both parents heterozygous
If the trait were recessive, both affected parents would be aa and all children would be aa and affected. An unaffected child means the trait is dominant and both parents are Aa, so each child has a 1/4 chance of being aa and unaffected.
答案: A · Isotonic
0.9% NaCl has about the same solute concentration as blood plasma, so it is isotonic. Water moves equally in and out of red blood cells, which keep their normal shape.
答案: B · 乙酸(食醋中)
乙酸只释放出一小部分氢离子。HCl、HNO₃ 和 H₂SO₄ 是完全电离的强酸。
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