护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
心脏壁的哪一层含有心肌?
男性腹股沟管内通过的结构是什么?
根据泊肃叶定律,如果一根小动脉的半径减半,其血流阻力:
在高海拔地区,数天至数周内会出现哪种适应?
Human adult height varies across a smooth, continuous range rather than falling into a few separate groups. What is the best explanation?
A point mutation changes a codon in the middle of a gene into a stop codon. What is the most likely effect?
质量为 50 g、体积为 20 cm³ 的物体,其密度是多少?
Under which conditions does a real gas behave least like an ideal gas?
答案: A · 心肌层
心肌层是厚厚的中间肌层。心内膜衬于心腔内面,心外膜覆盖外表面。
答案: D · 精索
腹股沟管在男性中容纳精索,在女性中容纳子宫圆韧带。股血管则从腹股沟韧带下方经过。
答案: A · 增加约 16 倍
阻力与 1/r⁴ 成正比,因此半径减半使阻力增加 2⁴ = 16 倍。这就是小动脉直径的微小变化能如此有力地控制血流的原因。
答案: A · 促红细胞生成素水平升高,红细胞增多
缺氧刺激 EPO 和红细胞生成,提高携氧能力。过度通气引起碱中毒,肾脏通过排泄碳酸氢盐进行代偿。
答案: A · It is controlled by many genes and also affected by environment
A single gene with complete dominance gives clear categories. Height is polygenic and is also influenced by nutrition and health, which produces continuous variation.
答案: B · A shortened protein that usually does not work
The ribosome stops at the new stop codon, so the protein is cut short and usually loses its function. A change to a different amino acid would be a missense mutation.
答案: A · 2.5 g/cm³
ρ = 50 g ÷ 20 cm³ = 2.5 g/cm³。它比水(1 g/cm³)密度大,会下沉。
答案: D · High pressure and low temperature
At high pressure the particles are close, so their own volume matters; at low temperature they move slowly, so attractions matter. Both break the ideal gas assumptions.
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