护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
膀胱内衬哪种上皮?
一位主动脉弓巨大动脉瘤患者出现声音嘶哑。最可能受压的是哪条神经?
醛固酮对肾脏的主要作用是什么?
为什么左心室衰竭会引起肺水肿?
When most people in a community are vaccinated, people who cannot be vaccinated are also protected. Why?
Starch and cellulose are both made of glucose. Why can humans digest starch but not cellulose?
Which halogen is the most reactive?
A gas occupies 4 L at 2 atm and 200 K. What is its volume at 1 atm and 400 K?
答案: A · 变移上皮(尿路上皮)
膀胱扩张时,变移上皮的细胞可由圆形变为扁平,同时保持不透水。
答案: B · 左喉返神经
左喉返神经在动脉韧带旁勾绕主动脉弓下方。它支配大部分喉肌,因此受压会导致声音嘶哑。
答案: A · 在远端肾单位促进钠重吸收和钾分泌
醛固酮作用于远端小管和集合管,增加 Na⁺ 重吸收和 K⁺ 分泌。水随钠一起被重吸收,使血容量增加。
答案: D · 左心房压升高使肺毛细血管静水压升高
衰竭的左心室使压力向后传到左心房和肺静脉。毛细血管静水压升高,把液体推入肺间质和肺泡。
答案: A · The pathogen has too few hosts to spread easily
When most people are immune, chains of transmission are broken, so the pathogen rarely reaches unprotected people such as newborns or those with weak immune systems.
答案: A · Humans lack an enzyme that breaks the bonds in cellulose
The glucose units in cellulose are joined by a different type of bond than in starch. Humans make amylase for starch but no enzyme for cellulose. Cows rely on gut microbes that make cellulase.
答案: D · Fluorine
Halogen reactivity decreases down the group. Fluorine is the smallest, so its nucleus attracts an extra electron most strongly, making it the most reactive.
答案: B · 16 L
V₂ = P₁V₁T₂ ÷ (T₁P₂) = (2 × 4 × 400) ÷ (200 × 1) = 16 L. Halving the pressure doubles the volume, and doubling the temperature doubles it again.
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