护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
枕骨大孔位于颅骨的哪块骨上?
腋窝淋巴结手术后,患者用手推墙时肩胛骨从胸壁上翘起。损伤的是哪条神经?
哪种蛋白质形成稳定血凝块的网状结构?
肺栓塞阻断了一个通气良好的肺区的血流。该区域的通气/血流(V/Q)比值如何变化?
Clostridium tetani grows in deep puncture wounds but is killed by oxygen. How is this bacterium described?
Home pregnancy tests use antibodies that bind the hormone hCG. Why do they react with hCG and not with other proteins in urine?
What is the formula of sodium sulfate, made from Na⁺ and SO₄²⁻ ions?
An unknown element is shiny, conducts electricity, and reacts vigorously with water to form a basic solution and hydrogen gas. In which group is it most likely?
答案: B · 枕骨
枕骨大孔是枕骨上的大开口,延髓经此向下延续为脊髓。
答案: D · 胸长神经
胸长神经支配前锯肌,前锯肌使肩胛骨紧贴胸壁。损伤会导致翼状肩胛。
答案: B · 纤维蛋白
凝血酶把可溶性纤维蛋白原转化为不溶性的纤维蛋白丝,后者黏合血小板栓并网罗红细胞,形成稳定的血凝块。
答案: B · 变得非常高,起无效腔的作用
有通气无血流使 V/Q 比值非常高(无效腔)。分流(如肺炎)则相反:有血流无通气。
答案: C · An obligate anaerobe
Obligate anaerobes cannot survive in oxygen, so they thrive in deep, airless wounds. Obligate aerobes need oxygen, and facultative anaerobes can grow with or without it.
答案: B · Each antibody binds a specific antigen shape
An antibody's binding site fits one particular antigen shape, so the test reacts with hCG but not with unrelated proteins. Laboratory-made antibodies of one type (monoclonal antibodies) are used for this reason.
答案: C · Na₂SO₄
Two Na⁺ ions (2+) balance one SO₄²⁻ (2−), giving Na₂SO₄. The sulfate group stays intact as SO₄.
答案: B · Group 1 (alkali metals)
Alkali metals such as sodium and potassium react with water to form a hydroxide (a base) and hydrogen gas. Halogens and noble gases are nonmetals and do not conduct.
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