护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
精子离开睾丸后在哪个结构中成熟并储存?
肺尖部肿瘤导致同侧面部上睑下垂、瞳孔缩小和无汗。哪条通路受到了破坏?
骨骼肌肌节收缩时,哪条带的长度保持不变?
测量肾小球滤过率的金标准是哪种物质的清除率?
A study finds a positive correlation between hours of exercise and lung capacity. What does this mean?
Sucrose is broken down into glucose and fructose during digestion. What type of reaction is this?
At 20 °C, about 36 g of NaCl dissolves in 100 g of water. If 50 g of NaCl is stirred into 100 g of water at 20 °C, what happens?
在方程式 N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃ 中,1 mol N₂ 与过量氢气反应,可以生成多少克氨(17 g/mol)?
答案: C · 附睾
精子在生精小管中产生,然后在附睾中成熟和储存,再进入输精管。
答案: B · 颈交感干
这是霍纳综合征:交感纤维中断引起上睑下垂、瞳孔缩小和无汗,本例是肺尖部(Pancoast)肿瘤压迫交感干所致。
答案: C · A 带
在肌丝滑行模型中,肌丝相互滑行而本身并不缩短。A 带(肌球蛋白的长度)保持不变,而 I 带和 H 带缩短。
答案: C · 菊粉
菊粉能自由滤过,既不被重吸收也不被分泌,所以其清除率恰好等于 GFR。肌酐会少量分泌,因此会略微高估 GFR。
答案: B · As exercise increases, lung capacity tends to increase
A positive correlation means both variables tend to rise together. Correlation alone does not prove that one causes the other; a controlled experiment is needed for that.
答案: A · Hydrolysis, which uses a water molecule
Hydrolysis breaks a bond by adding water across it, as when sucrase splits sucrose. Dehydration synthesis is the reverse: it joins monomers and releases water.
答案: B · About 36 g dissolves and about 14 g stays undissolved
Only up to the solubility limit (about 36 g per 100 g water) can dissolve. The rest, about 14 g, stays as solid, and the solution above it is saturated.
答案: A · 34 g
N₂ : NH₃ 的摩尔比为 1 : 2,所以 2 mol × 17 g/mol = 34 g 氨。
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