护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
下列哪个器官位于腹膜后?
在屈膝开始时,哪块肌肉通过使股骨在胫骨上外旋而“解锁”完全伸直的膝关节?
肺表面活性物质的主要功能是什么?
为什么深潜者快速上浮有患减压病的风险?
Why are stains such as iodine or methylene blue added to cells on a microscope slide?
A nurse notices that patients who used a new mouthwash had few mouth infections. No other patients were studied. What is most needed before concluding that the mouthwash works?
How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of water by 10 °C (specific heat of water = 4.18 J/g·°C)?
Why does food cook faster in a pressure cooker?
答案: B · 肾
肾位于壁腹膜后方。胃、脾和横结肠是腹膜内位器官,有系膜或韧带。
答案: A · 腘肌
完全伸直时,膝关节通过股骨内旋而锁定。腘肌使股骨在固定的胫骨上外旋,从而解锁,使屈膝得以开始。
答案: B · 降低肺泡的表面张力
表面活性物质由 II 型肺泡细胞产生,能降低表面张力,使肺泡不致塌陷,肺也更容易扩张。
答案: D · 在高压下溶解的氮气在压力下降时形成气泡
在深处,更多氮气溶解到组织中。如果压力下降过快,氮气会以气泡形式从组织和血液中析出,引起“潜水病”。
答案: B · To make structures easier to see
Most cell parts are colourless, so stains are used to add contrast. Iodine stains starch and nuclei in plant cells, and methylene blue stains the nuclei of animal cells.
答案: C · A comparable group that does not use the mouthwash
Without a control group, there is no way to know whether infections would have been just as rare without the mouthwash. A similar group under the same conditions is needed for comparison.
答案: B · 4180 J
q = 100 g × 4.18 J/g·°C × 10 °C = 4180 J (about 4.2 kJ).
答案: D · The higher pressure raises the boiling point, so the water is hotter
Sealing the pot raises the pressure, so water must reach a higher temperature (above 100 °C) before it boils. The hotter water cooks food faster. Autoclaves use the same idea to sterilise equipment.
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/teas-science-practice