护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
左心房和左心室之间是哪个瓣膜?
腰椎穿刺时,穿刺针进入硬膜外隙之前最后穿过的是哪条韧带?
下列哪一项是体内正反馈的经典例子?
在恶性贫血中,胃壁细胞的自身免疫性破坏导致贫血,是因为:
Where does the oxygen released by photosynthesis come from?
Why can a scientific hypothesis never be proven true with absolute certainty?
Which bond joins amino acids together in a protein?
Which element has the electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵?
答案: B · 二尖瓣
二尖瓣分隔左心房和左心室;右侧由三尖瓣起同样作用。
答案: B · 黄韧带
穿刺针依次穿过皮肤、棘上韧带、棘间韧带,再穿过黄韧带进入硬膜外隙,然后穿过硬脊膜和蛛网膜进入蛛网膜下腔。
答案: C · 分娩时催产素的释放
宫颈受牵拉促使催产素释放,催产素增强宫缩,造成更多牵拉。这个循环以分娩结束。其他例子都是负反馈。
答案: D · 内因子丧失,因此维生素 B12 不能被吸收
壁细胞分泌内因子,它是回肠末端吸收 B12 所必需的。B12 缺乏会损害 DNA 合成,引起巨幼细胞贫血。
答案: C · From water molecules that are split
In the light-dependent reactions, water is split to replace electrons lost by chlorophyll, and oxygen is released. The carbon atoms from CO₂ end up in sugar.
答案: D · New evidence could always contradict it in the future
Evidence can support a hypothesis or show it to be false, but there is always the chance of a future result that does not fit. For this reason, scientific conclusions remain open to revision.
答案: A · A peptide bond
A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the next, releasing a water molecule. Glycosidic bonds join sugars.
答案: A · Chlorine
2 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 5 = 17 electrons, so the atomic number is 17: chlorine. Its 7 electrons in the third shell (3s² 3p⁵) place it in group 17.
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