护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
脑膜的最外层是哪一层?
腋窝淋巴结手术后,患者用手推墙时肩胛骨从胸壁上翘起。损伤的是哪条神经?
第一心音(S1)是由什么引起的?
某患者动脉血气显示 pH 7.30、PaCO₂ 7.8 kPa(59 mmHg)、碳酸氢盐正常。最可能的紊乱是什么?
A cut in the skin heals as new skin cells fill the wound. Which process produces these cells?
A man with an X-linked recessive disorder (XʰY) has children with a woman who has two normal alleles (XᴴXᴴ). What is expected among their children?
A red blood cell is placed in a concentrated (hypertonic) salt solution. What happens?
Orange bromine water is shaken with two hydrocarbons. With hexene it turns colourless; with hexane it stays orange. What does this show?
答案: A · 硬脑膜
脑膜由外向内依次为硬脑膜、蛛网膜和软脑膜。脑脊液在蛛网膜与软脑膜之间的蛛网膜下腔内流动。
答案: C · 胸长神经
胸长神经支配前锯肌,前锯肌使肩胛骨紧贴胸壁。损伤会导致翼状肩胛。
答案: C · 二尖瓣和三尖瓣关闭
S1("lub")由收缩期开始时房室瓣关闭引起。S2("dub")是半月瓣关闭。
答案: C · 急性呼吸性酸中毒
pH 低且 CO₂ 高,提示呼吸性酸中毒。碳酸氢盐尚未升高,说明肾脏还没有代偿:这是急性的。
答案: B · Mitosis
Growth and repair of body tissues happen by mitosis, which makes genetically identical diploid cells. Meiosis makes gametes only.
答案: C · All daughters are carriers, and no sons are affected
Every daughter gets the father's Xʰ and the mother's Xᴴ, so all daughters are carriers. Every son gets the father's Y and the mother's Xᴴ, so sons are unaffected.
答案: B · Water leaves the cell, which shrinks
The outside solution has more solute than the cell, so water moves out of the cell by osmosis. The cell shrivels, which is called crenation.
答案: B · Hexene contains a C=C double bond; hexane does not
Bromine reacts with C=C double bonds by addition, so its colour disappears. Alkanes like hexane are saturated and do not react this way, so bromine water is a test for unsaturation.
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