护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
心脏壁的哪一层含有心肌?
男性腹股沟管内通过的结构是什么?
为什么有髓鞘的轴突传导动作电位比无髓鞘的快?
测量肾小球滤过率的金标准是哪种物质的清除率?
A woman with blood type O has a child with a man of type AB. Which blood types can their children have?
In a family, a trait appears mostly in males. Affected men have daughters who are unaffected, but some of these daughters have affected sons. Which pattern fits best?
How does electronegativity change going down a group?
A small amount of acid is spilled on a lab bench. Why is a weak base such as sodium bicarbonate preferred over strong NaOH to neutralise it?
答案: A · 心肌层
心肌层是厚厚的中间肌层。心内膜衬于心腔内面,心外膜覆盖外表面。
答案: B · 精索
腹股沟管在男性中容纳精索,在女性中容纳子宫圆韧带。股血管则从腹股沟韧带下方经过。
答案: C · 冲动在郎飞结之间跳跃
髓鞘使轴突绝缘,因此动作电位只在郎飞结处产生。这种跳跃式传导要快得多。
答案: A · 菊粉
菊粉能自由滤过,既不被重吸收也不被分泌,所以其清除率恰好等于 GFR。肌酐会少量分泌,因此会略微高估 GFR。
答案: A · A or B
The mother is ii and the father is IᴬIᴮ. Children are either Iᴬi (type A) or Iᴮi (type B). None can be type O or type AB.
答案: A · X-linked recessive
An affected father gives his X to every daughter, making them carriers who usually show no signs. Each carrier daughter can pass the allele to half of her sons. Y-linked traits pass from father to son, which is not seen here.
答案: C · It decreases
Going down a group, the outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and more shielded, so the atom attracts bonding electrons less strongly. Electronegativity decreases.
答案: D · Excess sodium bicarbonate is far less harmful than excess NaOH
It is hard to add exactly the right amount. Excess bicarbonate is only mildly basic, while excess NaOH is itself corrosive. The fizzing of CO₂ also shows when neutralisation is complete.
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