护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
脑干的哪一部分含有主要的心血管中枢和呼吸中枢?
髋关节的主要屈肌是哪块?
心输出量等于心率乘以:
持续数天呕吐胃内容物后,最可能发生哪种酸碱紊乱?
How are photosynthesis and aerobic respiration related?
Bacteria grown in heavy nitrogen (¹⁵N) are moved to normal nitrogen (¹⁴N) and allowed to divide once. All their DNA now has a density halfway between heavy and light. Which model of replication does this support?
Which bond joins amino acids together in a protein?
A sealed rigid can holds gas at 2 atm and 27 °C. It is heated to 327 °C. What is the new pressure?
答案: D · 延髓
延髓含有调节心率、血压和呼吸节律的生命中枢。
答案: C · 髂腰肌
髂腰肌(腰大肌和髂肌)是最强的屈髋肌。臀大肌负责伸髋。
答案: A · 每搏输出量
CO = HR × SV。静息时约 70 次/分 × 70 mL ≈ 5 L/分。
答案: B · 代谢性碱中毒
呕吐丢失 HCl,而胃分泌胃酸时把碳酸氢盐留在了血液中。容量丢失和低钾有助于维持碱中毒。
答案: C · The products of one are the reactants of the other
Photosynthesis uses CO₂ and water to make glucose and O₂. Respiration uses glucose and O₂ and releases CO₂ and water. Plants carry out both; animals carry out only respiration.
答案: C · Semiconservative replication
This is the Meselson–Stahl experiment. Intermediate density after one generation means each molecule had one old (heavy) and one new (light) strand. Conservative replication would have given separate heavy and light bands.
答案: A · A peptide bond
A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the next, releasing a water molecule. Glycosidic bonds join sugars.
答案: C · 4 atm
27 °C = 300 K and 327 °C = 600 K. At constant volume, P/T is constant, so doubling the kelvin temperature doubles the pressure to 4 atm. Using Celsius would wrongly give about 24 atm.
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