护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
肝门静脉由哪两条静脉汇合而成?
肺尖部肿瘤导致同侧面部上睑下垂、瞳孔缩小和无汗。哪条通路受到了破坏?
哪个激素事件触发排卵?
在高海拔地区,数天至数周内会出现哪种适应?
What happens in the lytic cycle of a virus?
Why can a scientific hypothesis never be proven true with absolute certainty?
Oxygen has 8 electrons. What is its electron configuration?
Under which conditions does a real gas behave least like an ideal gas?
答案: C · 肠系膜上静脉和脾静脉
门静脉在胰颈后方由肠系膜上静脉和脾静脉汇合而成。它把富含营养物质的血液送到肝脏。
答案: A · 颈交感干
这是霍纳综合征:交感纤维中断引起上睑下垂、瞳孔缩小和无汗,本例是肺尖部(Pancoast)肿瘤压迫交感干所致。
答案: C · 黄体生成素(LH)峰
优势卵泡分泌的雌激素不断升高,触发腺垂体释放 LH 峰,约一天后引起排卵。
答案: C · 促红细胞生成素水平升高,红细胞增多
缺氧刺激 EPO 和红细胞生成,提高携氧能力。过度通气引起碱中毒,肾脏通过排泄碳酸氢盐进行代偿。
答案: B · The virus makes many copies in the host cell, which then bursts
In the lytic cycle the virus takes over the cell, makes new virus particles and bursts (lyses) the cell to release them. In the lysogenic cycle the viral DNA hides in the host genome before becoming active later.
答案: D · New evidence could always contradict it in the future
Evidence can support a hypothesis or show it to be false, but there is always the chance of a future result that does not fit. For this reason, scientific conclusions remain open to revision.
答案: D · 1s² 2s² 2p⁴
The 1s and 2s subshells hold 2 electrons each, leaving 4 for 2p: 1s² 2s² 2p⁴. The 6 electrons in the second shell are oxygen's valence electrons.
答案: A · High pressure and low temperature
At high pressure the particles are close, so their own volume matters; at low temperature they move slowly, so attractions matter. Both break the ideal gas assumptions.
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