护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
在踝部内踝正后方可以摸到哪条动脉的搏动?
肱骨外科颈骨折后,患者手臂外展不能超过约 15°,且肩外侧皮肤麻木。最可能损伤的是哪条神经?
肺活量是哪些肺容积之和?
一名年轻女性的肌无力在反复使用后加重,使用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂后改善。最可能的机制是什么?
What happens in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?
Scientists put a human gene into bacteria to make a protein. Why do they use a DNA copy made from the mature mRNA instead of the gene taken straight from human DNA?
Which coefficients balance __Na + __Cl₂ → __NaCl?
Which approach best reduces a health worker's exposure to ionising radiation?
答案: C · 胫后动脉
胫后动脉经内踝后方进入足底。足背动脉的搏动在足背上触摸。
答案: C · 腋神经
腋神经绕肱骨外科颈走行,支配三角肌和小圆肌以及肩外侧皮肤(“团徽”区)。
答案: B · 潮气量、补吸气量和补呼气量
肺活量 = IRV + TV + ERV。它不包括始终留在肺内的残气量。
答案: A · 针对神经肌肉接头处乙酰胆碱受体的抗体
在重症肌无力中,自身抗体减少了有功能的乙酰胆碱受体数量。阻断乙酰胆碱酯酶可以留下更多 ACh 与剩余受体结合。
答案: B · CO₂ is built into sugar using ATP and NADPH
The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to fix carbon dioxide into sugar. It does not use light directly, but it depends on the products of the light reactions.
答案: B · Bacteria cannot remove introns
Human genes contain introns, which bacteria cannot splice out. A copy made from mature mRNA (cDNA) contains only the exons, so the bacteria can translate it correctly using the universal genetic code.
答案: B · 2, 1, 2
Cl₂ has two Cl atoms, so 2NaCl is needed, which needs 2Na: 2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl. Each side has 2 Na and 2 Cl.
答案: D · Limit the time near the source, increase the distance and use shielding
The three principles of radiation protection are time (minimise it), distance (maximise it, since intensity falls rapidly with distance) and shielding (such as lead aprons). Gloves alone do not stop penetrating radiation.
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