护理入学考试生物练习卷（附答案）

What is a bacteriophage?

1. AA virus that infects bacteria
2. BA white cell that eats bacteria
3. CA bacterium that infects viruses
4. DA fungus that kills bacteria

What is an organism's genotype?

1. AThe environment in which it lives
2. BThe number of cells in its body
3. CThe traits that can be seen or measured
4. DThe alleles it carries for a trait

In which form do animals store glucose in the liver and muscles?

1. AStarch
2. BChitin
3. CCellulose
4. DGlycogen

How can bacteria pass antibiotic-resistance genes directly to other bacteria?

1. ABy osmosis, moving genes in water
2. BBy conjugation, transferring plasmids through a pilus
3. CBy mitosis, sharing copies of their chromosomes with neighbours
4. DBy meiosis, forming gametes with new alleles

Why can DNA profiling (fingerprinting) identify individual people?

1. ADNA in blood differs from DNA in skin
2. BEvery person has a different number of chromosomes in their cells
3. CEach person's genes code for different amino acids
4. DRepeated non-coding DNA regions vary in length between people

剧烈运动时，肌肉细胞缺氧。它们改由葡萄糖产生什么？

1. A糖原和水
2. B酒精和二氧化碳
3. C乳酸（乳酸盐）和少量 ATP
4. D大量 ATP 和氧气

A plant cell is placed in a strong salt solution. Its membrane and cytoplasm pull away from the cell wall. What is this called?

1. APlasmolysis
2. BTurgor
3. CLysis
4. DCrenation

Plasmids with an ampicillin-resistance gene are mixed with bacteria, which are then spread on a plate containing ampicillin. Why do only a few colonies grow?

1. AAmpicillin makes some bacteria take up the plasmid
2. BThe plasmid kills the bacteria that do not grow
3. COnly the bacteria that took up the plasmid can survive
4. DAll the bacteria die, and the colonies are fungi