护理入学考试生物练习卷（附答案）

What is an organism's genotype?

1. AThe alleles it carries for a trait
2. BThe environment in which it lives
3. CThe traits that can be seen or measured
4. DThe number of cells in its body

What is a monomer?

1. AAn enzyme that breaks down polymers
2. BA very large molecule that is made of many smaller units
3. CA molecule that contains no carbon
4. DA small unit that joins with others to form a polymer

Which elements make up carbohydrates?

1. ACarbon, hydrogen and nitrogen
2. BCarbon, hydrogen and oxygen
3. CHydrogen, oxygen and phosphorus
4. DCarbon, nitrogen and sulfur

Salivary amylase begins the digestion of which nutrient in the mouth?

1. AStarch
2. BProtein
3. CFat
4. DCellulose

下列哪项描述的是主动运输？

1. A它不消耗任何能量，使物质顺浓度梯度移动
2. B它只发生在死细胞中
3. C它消耗能量，使物质逆浓度梯度移动
4. D它只使水穿过膜

Why does each type of virus infect only certain kinds of cells?

1. AIt can only enter cells that are dividing by meiosis at that time
2. BIt can only enter cells that have no nucleus
3. CIt must find cells with the same DNA as its own
4. DIt must attach to specific receptor proteins on the cell surface

下列哪项正确地比较了有丝分裂和减数分裂？

1. A有丝分裂有两次分裂，产生四个相同的细胞
2. B两者都产生染色体数目为亲代细胞一半的配子，用于生殖
3. C减数分裂有两次分裂，产生四个遗传上不同的单倍体细胞
4. D减数分裂产生两个与亲代相同的细胞

一张图表显示，某种酶的活性从 20 °C 上升，在 37 °C 达到峰值，然后急剧下降。最好的解释是什么？

1. A温度对酶的活性没有影响
2. B最适温度约为 37 °C；更高的温度使其变性
3. C该酶在 20 °C 时最有效，在 37 °C 时被破坏
4. D随着温度升高，该酶不断加快