临床护理练习卷（附答案）

护理 Clostridioides difficile（艰难梭菌）腹泻患者后，需要采用哪种手卫生方法？

1. A如果戴了手套就不需要手卫生
2. B用肥皂和水洗手
3. C用纸巾擦手
4. D只用含酒精的手消毒剂

How is body mass index (BMI) calculated?

1. AHeight in metres divided by weight in kilograms, then squared
2. BWaist size divided by hip size
3. CWeight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared
4. DWeight in kilograms multiplied by height in metres

Why are patients having chemotherapy at increased risk of infection?

1. AChemotherapy raises the white cell count too high for it to work properly
2. BChemotherapy makes the skin thicker
3. CChemotherapy suppresses the bone marrow and lowers the white cell count
4. DChemotherapy stops the patient from sweating

A nurse suspects that an older patient is being financially abused by a relative. What should the nurse do?

1. AWait until the patient has been discharged
2. BKeep it secret because it is a family matter
3. CRaise the concern through the local safeguarding (adult protection) procedure
4. DConfront the relative directly at the bedside about it

A patient with pneumonia is breathless and coughing up thick sputum. Which nursing measure helps most with breathing?

1. ALying the patient flat so that they can rest and conserve energy
2. BRestricting all oral fluids
3. CSitting the patient upright and supporting them to clear secretions
4. DDiscouraging coughing to save energy

A confused patient keeps trying to climb out of bed. Why are bed rails not automatically the answer?

1. APatients can be seriously injured climbing over or becoming trapped in rails
2. BBed rails always make patients more confused, but only during the day
3. CBed rails stop staff from taking observations
4. DBed rails are illegal in all hospitals and must never be used at all

A patient with several days of vomiting and diarrhoea has low blood pressure, low urine output and a rising creatinine. Which description fits best?

1. APre-renal acute kidney injury from poor perfusion, treated by restoring fluid volume
2. BPost-renal acute kidney injury from obstruction, treated with a catheter
3. CChronic kidney disease, treated with long-term dialysis three times a week
4. DIntrinsic kidney injury from glomerulonephritis, treated with high-dose steroids

一名肝硬化患者腹部膨大紧绷，接受腹腔穿刺放液。为什么可能要给予白蛋白？

1. A阻止肝脏产生更多胆汁
2. B治疗腹水中的感染
3. C增加尿钾排泄
4. D降低大量放液后发生循环功能障碍的风险