感染控制与患者安全练习卷（附答案）

In the United States, what is a “boxed warning” (black box warning) on a drug label?

1. AThe strongest FDA warning, about a serious or life-threatening risk
2. BA sign that the drug is no longer sold
3. CA label for drugs that are safe in children
4. DA note that the drug must be kept in a locked box on the ward

Which precautions are used for a hospitalized patient with head lice (pediculosis)?

1. AA protective environment
2. BDroplet precautions
3. CContact precautions
4. DAirborne precautions

Malaria is passed to people through the bite of an infected mosquito. Which mode of transmission is this?

1. AAirborne transmission
2. BDirect contact transmission
3. CDroplet transmission
4. DVector-borne transmission

A portable x-ray is taken at the bedside. Which action protects the nurse?

1. AStay close to the patient to keep them still without protection
2. BStand next to the patient and hold the film without protection
3. CLook directly at the x-ray tube during the exposure to check its position
4. DStep away from the patient or wear a lead apron during the exposure

Which measure is part of the bundle for inserting a central venous catheter to prevent bloodstream infection?

1. AGiving antibiotics to every patient before insertion
2. BRoutine replacement of the catheter on a fixed schedule, such as every three days
3. CChoosing the femoral vein as the first site in adults
4. DChlorhexidine-alcohol skin antisepsis and maximal sterile barrier precautions

Which instruction about using a standard walker is correct?

1. ACarry the walker and use it only when tired
2. BWalk well ahead of the walker for balance
3. CPush up from the walker to stand from a chair
4. DMove the walker forward, then step into it

Several patients arrive with suspected inhalational anthrax after a deliberate release. Which precautions are needed for their care?

1. AContact precautions with gowns and gloves
2. BDroplet precautions with surgical masks
3. CStandard precautions, because it is not spread from person to person
4. DAirborne precautions in negative-pressure rooms, because spores are inhaled

A patient dies after a wrong-drug error, and the hospital carries out a root cause analysis. What is its main focus?

1. AFinding the system and process weaknesses that allowed the error
2. BDeciding whether to tell the family about the error
3. CEstimating the legal costs for the hospital
4. DIdentifying which staff member made the error and should be disciplined