感染控制与患者安全练习卷（附答案）

百日咳患者应采取哪种预防措施？

1. A空气传播预防
2. B飞沫传播预防
3. C接触传播预防
4. D保护性（反向）隔离

Which item belongs in a sharps container?

1. AA used scalpel blade
2. BA soiled gauze dressing
3. CAn empty IV bag with the tubing removed
4. DA pair of used gloves

Which type of knot is used to secure the straps of a restraint?

1. AA square knot
2. BA quick-release knot
3. CA tight double knot
4. DA knot tied on the patient’s wrist

A nurse finds a used needle in a patient’s bed linen. What should the nurse do?

1. APick it up by the hub or with forceps, put it in a sharps container and report it
2. BRecap it with two hands before throwing it away
3. CFold it into the linen and send it to the laundry
4. DLeave it where it is for the housekeeping staff to remove later in the day

一名使用利尿剂的患者跌倒风险高，夜间常起床。下列哪项措施最有帮助？

1. A睡前给利尿剂，让药物在夜间起效
2. B夜间保持房间完全黑暗以帮助患者入睡
3. C定时协助如厕，并将呼叫器和助行器放在患者够得到的地方
4. D告诉患者午饭后什么都不要喝

Many intensive care units bathe patients daily with chlorhexidine. What is the main purpose?

1. ATo lower the patient’s body temperature
2. BTo moisturize dry skin in older patients
3. CTo reduce skin bacteria and bloodstream infections linked to central lines
4. DTo treat existing wound infections without the need for antibiotics

In a US hospital (CMS rules), a patient keeps pulling at an endotracheal tube, and alternatives have failed. The nurse applies wrist restraints in an emergency. What must happen next?

1. AAsk the provider for a PRN restraint order to use as needed
2. BKeep the restraints on without an order until the patient is calm
3. CAsk the family to sign a consent form instead of an order
4. DObtain a time-limited order for the restraint promptly, following policy

A patient on long-term high-dose corticosteroids asks for the nasal spray influenza vaccine. What should the nurse explain?

1. APeople on steroids should never have any influenza vaccine
2. BEither type is fine, as long as it is given in the morning
3. CThe nasal spray is a live vaccine, so the injected inactivated vaccine is used instead
4. DThe nasal spray is the best choice for people on steroids, because it is not injected