感染控制与患者安全练习卷（附答案）

What is the main safety purpose of needleless IV connectors?

1. ATo reduce needlestick injuries to staff
2. BTo make IV fluids flow faster
3. CTo remove the need for hand hygiene
4. DTo stop the patient from moving the IV line

锐器盒应在什么时候更换？

1. A只有完全装满到顶时
2. B达到填充线时，约为四分之三满
3. C只有锐器开始从顶部开口露出时
4. D每月一次，无论是否装满

下列哪种药物属于高警示药物？

1. A对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）片
2. B胰岛素
3. C复合维生素片
4. D乳果糖糖浆

Why is keeping a patient warm (normothermia) during surgery part of infection prevention?

1. ALow body temperature reduces blood flow and immune function in the wound
2. BWarmth sterilizes the surgical site
3. CCold makes bacteria grow faster in the operating room air and on the drapes
4. DWarm patients do not need antibiotic prophylaxis

Why are patients on long-term corticosteroids at higher risk from infections?

1. ASteroids make the patient’s blood more acidic, which helps bacteria grow
2. BSteroids kill the patient’s normal skin bacteria
3. CSteroids only affect the risk of fungal skin rashes
4. DSteroids suppress the immune response and can hide signs of infection

A nurse’s hands are dry and cracked from frequent hand hygiene. What is the best approach?

1. AUse any lotion from home, whatever its contents
2. BWear gloves all day instead of cleaning the hands between patients
3. CStop hand hygiene until the skin heals
4. DUse the hand lotion approved by the facility to keep the skin intact

A nurse teaches parents of a toddler about drowning prevention. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I stay within arm’s reach of my child whenever we are near any water.”
2. B“We keep the gate in the pool fence closed and locked at all times.”
3. C“I empty buckets of water as soon as I have used them.”
4. D“I can leave my 2-year-old in the bath for a minute if the water is shallow.”

Which patient with a suspected infection meets the qSOFA criteria that signal a higher risk of a poor outcome?

1. ARespiratory rate 18/min, alert, systolic BP 130 mmHg, temperature 38.5 °C
2. BRespiratory rate 16/min, alert, systolic BP 105 mmHg, WBC 13,000/mm³
3. CRespiratory rate 24/min, new confusion, systolic BP 95 mmHg
4. DRespiratory rate 20/min, alert, systolic BP 110 mmHg, heart rate 110/min