实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

对于钠和钾，1 mEq/L 与 1 mmol/L 相比如何？

1. A无法比较，因为它们测量的是不同的东西
2. B对这些离子来说，1 mEq/L 等于 0.5 mmol/L
3. C两者相等，因为每个离子带一个电荷
4. D对这些离子来说，1 mEq/L 等于 2 mmol/L

A laboratory reports that a blood sample is "hemolyzed." What does this mean?

1. AThe sample contains too many platelets
2. BThe sample has a very low hemoglobin
3. CThe sample was taken from an artery
4. DRed cells in the sample have broken open

A blood lactate level above about which value is usually considered raised in an adult?

1. A20 mmol/L
2. B2 mmol/L
3. C10 mmol/L
4. D0.2 mmol/L

A patient starts lisinopril (an ACE inhibitor). Which laboratory values should the nurse expect to be monitored?

1. ACalcium and phosphate
2. BTSH and free T₄
3. CALT and bilirubin
4. DPotassium and creatinine

A urine culture is ordered for a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter. How should the nurse collect the sample?

1. ARemove the catheter and culture the catheter tip
2. BDisconnect the catheter from the tubing and let it drain
3. CAspirate from the sampling port with a sterile syringe
4. DPour urine from the drainage bag into a sterile cup

A patient with central diabetes insipidus starts desmopressin. Which laboratory result is most important to monitor for an adverse effect?

1. ASerum sodium, which may fall too low
2. BSerum calcium, which may rise too high
3. CSerum glucose, which may rise very high
4. DSerum potassium, which may rise too high

A patient in DKA is receiving IV fluids and insulin. The glucose has fallen to about 220 mg/dL (12.2 mmol/L), but the anion gap is still high. What change would the nurse expect?

1. AAdd dextrose to the IV fluids and continue the insulin
2. BStop the IV fluids and start oral fluids only
3. CStop the insulin infusion because the glucose is near normal
4. DGive an IV bolus of sodium bicarbonate at once

A patient on digoxin has a calcium of 12.1 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) and new nausea and a slow pulse. Why is the calcium result important?

1. AHigh calcium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
2. BHigh calcium makes the kidneys clear digoxin faster
3. CHigh calcium blocks digoxin, so the drug stops working
4. DHigh calcium only matters if the potassium is also high