实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

哪个 HbA1c 值达到糖尿病通常的诊断阈值？

1. A5.0%（31 mmol/mol）或更高
2. B4.5%（26 mmol/mol）或更高
3. C5.5%（37 mmol/mol）或更高
4. D6.5%（48 mmol/mol）或更高

A raised alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in an adult is most closely linked to which cancer?

1. AProstate adenocarcinoma
2. BBladder urothelial cancer
3. CDuctal breast cancer
4. DHepatocellular (liver) cancer

A laboratory reports that a blood sample is "hemolyzed." What does this mean?

1. AThe sample was taken from an artery
2. BThe sample has a very low hemoglobin
3. CThe sample contains too many platelets
4. DRed cells in the sample have broken open

A patient has a hot, swollen big toe. The serum uric acid is normal. Which statement is correct?

1. AGout is still possible, as urate can be normal in an attack
2. BGout is ruled out, as uric acid is always high in an attack
3. CGout is certain, as a normal urate proves the diagnosis
4. DGout can only be diagnosed with a CT scan of the foot

During a red cell transfusion, when are serious acute reactions most likely, so the nurse stays with the patient?

1. AIn the first 15 minutes
2. BAfter about 2 hours
3. CThe next morning
4. DAfter the last drop is given

一名患者接受皮下注射依诺肝素（一种低分子量肝素）。关于监测，哪项说法是正确的？

1. A像华法林一样，用 INR 调整每次剂量
2. B不常规监测 aPTT；而是检查血小板和肾功能
3. C任何时候都不需要任何血液检查
4. D必须每 6 小时检查 aPTT 来调整剂量

一名钙为 6.8 mg/dL（1.7 mmol/L）的患者突然出现呼吸嘈杂和声音嘶哑。这提示什么？

1. A今天早晨开始的普通感冒
2. B喉痉挛，属于需要紧急救助和静脉补钙的急症
3. C无需治疗就会消退的正常反应
4. D对血液检查结果的焦虑，需要平静的安慰

一名患者的钾几个月来一直是 3.4–3.6 mEq/L，今天的一次结果是 5.4 mEq/L。患者感觉良好，心电图正常。最好的下一步是什么？

1. A停用患者所有的常规药物
2. B忽略该结果，因为患者感觉良好
3. C不做进一步检查，立即开始使用钾结合剂
4. D检查样本是如何采集的，评估患者并重复检测