实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

成人血清钠的典型参考范围是多少？

1. A150–165 mEq/L
2. B3.5–5.0 mEq/L
3. C135–145 mEq/L
4. D95–105 mEq/L

Which group of symptoms is linked to hypercalcemia ("stones, bones, groans and moans")?

1. AJaundice, itching, pale stools and dark urine
2. BHeat intolerance, tremor, weight loss and diarrhea
3. CKidney stones, bone pain, abdominal pain and confusion
4. DTetany, muscle cramps, tingling and seizures

万古霉素谷浓度应在何时采血？

1. A输注结束后立即
2. B下一次给药前，通常在给药前 30 分钟内
3. C一天中任何方便的时间，不论何时给药
4. D输注开始后两小时

一名因房颤服用华法林的患者 INR 为 5.2，无出血。护士最好的措施是什么？

1. A暂停华法林剂量并通知开医嘱者
2. B给予通常的剂量，一个月后复查
3. C建议患者从今天起不再吃绿叶蔬菜
4. D给予双倍剂量

A patient taking spironolactone asks about using a salt substitute. What should the nurse explain?

1. AMost salt substitutes contain potassium and can raise the level too high
2. BSalt substitutes are safe because they contain only sodium chloride
3. CSalt substitutes protect against the potassium loss caused by this drug
4. DSalt substitutes are fine as long as the patient drinks more water

A patient has started parenteral nutrition (PN) through a central line. Which test is monitored most frequently in the first days?

1. ABlood glucose
2. BHemoglobin A1c
3. CThyroid hormones
4. DSerum lipase

Two days after bowel surgery, a patient with nasogastric suction has a distended abdomen, absent bowel sounds and muscle weakness. The potassium is 2.8 mEq/L. Which interpretation is best?

1. AHypokalemia from gastric losses is contributing to paralytic ileus
2. BHyperkalemia from tissue damage is causing the bowel to stop
3. CThe low potassium is due to the patient drinking too much water
4. DThe potassium is normal for the second day after surgery

A young adult has fatigue, bruising and fever. The white cell count is 85 × 10³/µL with many blasts, the hemoglobin is 7.9 g/dL (79 g/L) and the platelets are 22 × 10³/µL. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. AIron-deficiency anemia
2. BAcute leukemia
3. CAcute viral infection
4. DPolycythemia vera