实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

At what time of day is serum cortisol normally highest?

1. ALate afternoon
2. BEarly morning
3. CAfter the evening meal
4. DAround midnight

哪项发现是高血清镁的典型表现？

1. A深腱反射减弱或消失
2. B反射亢进和肌肉抽搐
3. C袖带充气时出现腕痉挛
4. D强烈的口渴

A positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test means:

1. AThe person has never met the virus
2. BThe person had hepatitis A in the past
3. CThe person currently has hepatitis B infection
4. DThe person is immune from vaccination only

A patient with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose. Which finding best shows that the treatment is effective?

1. ASix to eight watery stools a day with dizziness
2. BNo bowel movement for 2 days and calm sleep
3. CTwo to three soft stools a day and clearer thinking
4. DA rising serum ammonia with a slower flapping tremor

垂体手术后，一名患者每小时排出约 400 mL 淡色尿，比重 1.002，钠已升至 149 mEq/L。最可能的是哪种情况？

1. A急性肾损伤伴少尿
2. B尿崩症
3. C高血糖伴酮症酸中毒
4. DSIADH

A patient with hyperkalemia is prescribed an oral potassium binder such as patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. How does this drug lower potassium?

1. AIt moves potassium into cells in the next few minutes
2. BIt binds potassium in the gut so it leaves in the stool
3. CIt protects the heart muscle against high potassium levels
4. DIt stops the kidneys from absorbing water in the tubules

Which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pattern most strongly suggests bacterial meningitis?

1. AClear fluid, high glucose, low protein, many red cells
2. BCloudy fluid, low glucose, high protein, many neutrophils
3. CClear fluid, normal glucose, normal protein, no white cells
4. DClear fluid, normal glucose, mildly raised protein, lymphocytes

A patient with a heart murmur and fever has three sets of blood cultures, taken hours apart, all growing the same Streptococcus species. What does this suggest?

1. AA normal finding in patients with heart murmurs
2. BA urinary tract infection that has spread to the skin
3. CPersistent bacteremia, as in infective endocarditis
4. DContamination of all three samples during collection