实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Which condition commonly causes a high serum potassium?

1. ASevere diarrhea
2. BLoop diuretic use
3. CRepeated vomiting
4. DKidney failure

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

1. ASerum and plasma are two names for exactly the same fluid
2. BPlasma is the fluid left after blood clots, without fibrinogen
3. CSerum is what is left after blood clots, minus clotting factors
4. DSerum contains all the red cells, while plasma contains none

A raised lymphocyte count is most typical of:

1. AAllergic asthma
2. BBacterial abscesses
3. CIron deficiency
4. DViral infections

A patient has started parenteral nutrition (PN) through a central line. Which test is monitored most frequently in the first days?

1. AHemoglobin A1c
2. BSerum lipase
3. CThyroid hormones
4. DBlood glucose

When is a peak level for an IV aminoglycoside such as gentamicin usually drawn?

1. AAbout 30 minutes after the infusion ends
2. BJust before the next dose is started
3. CAt any time convenient for the patient
4. DExactly 24 hours after the first dose

An older adult with chronic kidney disease starts trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for a urinary tract infection. Which electrolyte should be monitored closely?

1. APotassium, because trimethoprim can raise it
2. BChloride, because the drug causes chloride loss
3. CSodium, because the drug causes heavy sodium retention
4. DCalcium, because the drug binds calcium in the gut

A patient with ongoing hemolytic anemia has an HbA1c of 4.6%, but home glucose readings are often 180–220 mg/dL (10–12 mmol/L). What best explains the gap?

1. AThe patient has true, well-controlled diabetes
2. BShort red cell life span lowers the HbA1c falsely
3. CThe home glucose meter is reading falsely high
4. DHemolysis makes the HbA1c test read too high

哪一组结果最能代表缺铁性贫血？

1. A血红蛋白低、红细胞小（MCV 低）和铁蛋白低
2. B血红蛋白低、红细胞大（MCV 高）和铁蛋白高
3. C血红蛋白正常，仅血小板计数高
4. D血红蛋白高和血细胞比容高