实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Why is AST less specific for liver damage than ALT?

1. AAST is not measured in the blood at all
2. BAST is found only in the kidney tubules
3. CAST is made by the bone marrow, not the liver
4. DAST is also found in heart and skeletal muscle

What is the main effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidneys?

1. AMore potassium is reabsorbed, so the serum potassium rises
2. BMore glucose is excreted, so the urine contains sugar
3. CMore water is excreted, so the urine becomes dilute
4. DMore water is reabsorbed, so urine is concentrated

Which fasting triglyceride level is commonly described as normal?

1. ABelow 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L)
2. BAbove 500 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L)
3. CAbove 1,000 mg/dL (11.3 mmol/L)
4. DBetween 200 and 499 mg/dL (2.3–5.6 mmol/L)

A patient with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose. Which finding best shows that the treatment is effective?

1. AA rising serum ammonia with a slower flapping tremor
2. BNo bowel movement for 2 days and calm sleep
3. CTwo to three soft stools a day and clearer thinking
4. DSix to eight watery stools a day with dizziness

A stool test for Clostridioides difficile is ordered. Which sample is appropriate?

1. AAn unformed (liquid or soft) stool
2. BA formed, hard stool sample
3. CAny stool after a laxative dose
4. DA rectal swab from a patient with constipation

A patient with schizophrenia is starting clozapine. Which laboratory value must be monitored regularly?

1. ASerum lithium level
2. BSerum amylase
3. CInternational normalized ratio
4. DAbsolute neutrophil count

收到四项实验室结果。护士应首先处理哪一项？

1. A一名昨天因肺炎入院的患者钠 137 mEq/L
2. B一名糖尿病患者餐后血糖 140 mg/dL（7.8 mmol/L）
3. C一名慢性肾脏病患者血红蛋白 11.8 g/dL（118 g/L）
4. D一名 CKD 患者钾 6.6 mEq/L，新出现肌无力

After a crush injury, a patient's urine dipstick is strongly positive for blood, but microscopy shows almost no red cells. CK is very high. What best explains this?

1. AMyoglobin from damaged muscle is in the urine
2. BBleeding is coming from the bladder lining
3. CA kidney stone is scraping the ureter lining
4. DThe sample was contaminated with menstrual blood