实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

How does dehydration usually affect the hematocrit?

1. AIt makes it zero
2. BIt raises it
3. CIt lowers it
4. DIt has no effect

Which statement about HDL cholesterol is correct?

1. AIt is the same as the fasting triglyceride level
2. BHigher levels are the main cause of plaque in the arteries
3. CHigher levels are linked to a lower risk of heart disease
4. DIt should ideally be kept below 40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L)

What does the term "left shift" mean on a white cell differential?

1. AA rise in the number of eosinophils
2. BA fall in all the white cell types together
3. CMore lymphocytes than neutrophils in the blood
4. DMore immature neutrophils (bands) than normal

After surgery for colon cancer, a patient's CEA had fallen to normal, but it has been rising over the last two checks. What does this most likely suggest?

1. APossible recurrence that needs further assessment
2. BA normal change after surgery that needs no follow-up
3. CA sign of iron deficiency from the earlier bleeding
4. DA sure sign that the cancer has been fully cured

A patient starts lisinopril (an ACE inhibitor). Which laboratory values should the nurse expect to be monitored?

1. ACalcium and phosphate
2. BTSH and free T₄
3. CALT and bilirubin
4. DPotassium and creatinine

为什么肝衰竭患者即使没有服用华法林，INR 也可能升高？

1. A肾脏不再从血液中清除凝血因子
2. B胆红素直接破坏凝血因子
3. C肝脏合成大多数凝血因子，因此合成减少
4. D白蛋白是一种凝血因子，其水平下降

一名营养不良的患者重新开始进食，第 3 天磷酸盐为 1.2 mg/dL（0.39 mmol/L），伴肌无力和气短。主要风险是什么？

1. A低磷导致呼吸肌无力和心力衰竭
2. B骨骼释放钙引起肾结石
3. C细胞释放钾引起高钾血症
4. D体重快速增加，但没有严重危险

A patient on IV gentamicin has a trough level above the target, and the creatinine has risen since yesterday. The next dose is due. What is the best action?

1. AHold the dose and report the results to the prescriber
2. BGive half of the dose and document the reason for it
3. CGive the dose now and recheck the levels next week
4. DGive the dose with extra oral fluids to protect the kidneys