实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

A positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test means:

1. AThe person currently has hepatitis B infection
2. BThe person had hepatitis A in the past
3. CThe person is immune from vaccination only
4. DThe person has never met the virus

成人血小板计数的典型参考范围是多少？

1. A约 1000–2000 × 10³/µL（1000–2000 × 10⁹/L）
2. B约 4.5–11 × 10³/µL（4.5–11 × 10⁹/L）
3. C约 12–16 × 10³/µL（12–16 × 10⁹/L）
4. D约 150–400 × 10³/µL（150–400 × 10⁹/L）

Where are urinary casts formed?

1. AIn the kidney tubules
2. BIn the urethra
3. CIn the urinary bladder
4. DIn the ureters

A patient with HIV on antiretroviral therapy has an undetectable viral load. What does this mean?

1. AThe treatment is suppressing the virus very well
2. BThe treatment can now be stopped without any risk
3. CThe virus has been completely cured and removed
4. DThe CD4 count must now be dangerously low too

A patient on a heparin infusion has blood in the urine and an aPTT far above the target. The nurse stops the infusion and informs the provider. Which antidote should the nurse anticipate?

1. ACalcium gluconate
2. BVitamin K (phytonadione)
3. CNaloxone
4. DProtamine sulfate

A patient on peritoneal dialysis notices that the drained fluid is cloudy and has abdominal pain. What should the nurse do?

1. ASend the fluid for cell count and culture and report it
2. BRecord it as normal and continue the usual exchanges
3. CAdd more glucose to the next bag to clear the fluid
4. DStop dialysis for a week and recheck the fluid later

A patient has a hematocrit of 60% and a raised red cell mass. Which result suggests polycythemia vera rather than secondary polycythemia from chronic hypoxia?

1. AA low erythropoietin level
2. BA high erythropoietin level
3. CA low oxygen saturation
4. DA high carboxyhemoglobin

Which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pattern most strongly suggests bacterial meningitis?

1. AClear fluid, normal glucose, normal protein, no white cells
2. BCloudy fluid, low glucose, high protein, many neutrophils
3. CClear fluid, normal glucose, mildly raised protein, lymphocytes
4. DClear fluid, high glucose, low protein, many red cells