实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

A raised alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is most typical of:

1. ALow production of hormone by the thyroid gland
2. BBlocked bile flow or increased bone turnover
3. CAcute damage to the heart muscle
4. DInflammation of the lining of the urinary bladder

What does the term "left shift" mean on a white cell differential?

1. AMore lymphocytes than neutrophils in the blood
2. BMore immature neutrophils (bands) than normal
3. CA fall in all the white cell types together
4. DA rise in the number of eosinophils

What is a typical adult reference range for serum chloride?

1. AAbout 3.5–5.0 mEq/L
2. BAbout 135–145 mEq/L
3. CAbout 98–106 mEq/L
4. DAbout 22–28 mEq/L

A patient with a low clinical probability of deep vein thrombosis has a normal (negative) D-dimer. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA DVT is unlikely and can usually be ruled out
2. BA pulmonary embolism is now certain to be present
3. CA DVT is confirmed and anticoagulation is needed
4. DThe test is useless and should always be ignored

A patient who is breathless during a transfusion has hypotension, fever and bilateral lung infiltrates, with no signs of fluid overload. Which complication is most likely?

1. ATransfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
2. BA simple allergic reaction with hives
3. CA mild febrile nonhemolytic reaction
4. DTransfusion-associated circulatory overload

A urine culture is ordered for a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter. How should the nurse collect the sample?

1. AAspirate from the sampling port with a sterile syringe
2. BDisconnect the catheter from the tubing and let it drain
3. CPour urine from the drainage bag into a sterile cup
4. DRemove the catheter and culture the catheter tip

A patient's potassium is 7.2 mEq/L, and the monitor shows wide QRS complexes. Several treatments are prescribed. Which should be given first?

1. AAn oral potassium binder dose
2. BIV furosemide (a loop diuretic)
3. CUrgent hemodialysis session
4. DIV calcium gluconate (or chloride)

A young man has a swollen knee after minor trauma. His aPTT is prolonged, but his PT/INR and platelet count are normal. Which condition fits best?

1. ADisseminated intravascular coagulation
2. BHemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency)
3. CVitamin K deficiency from poor diet
4. DImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP)