实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency typically causes which type of anemia?

1. AMicrocytic anemia, with small red cells
2. BHemolytic anemia, with destroyed red cells
3. CMacrocytic anemia, with large red cells
4. DAplastic anemia, with an empty bone marrow

癫痫治疗中，血清总丙戊酸（丙戊酸盐）常被引用的治疗范围是多少？

1. A约 0.6–1.2 mcg/mL（mg/L）
2. B约 50–100 mcg/mL（mg/L）
3. C约 500–1000 mcg/mL（mg/L）
4. D约 5–10 mcg/mL（mg/L）

对于没有糖尿病的成人，哪个空腹血糖在典型的正常范围内？

1. A140 mg/dL（7.8 mmol/L）
2. B210 mg/dL（11.7 mmol/L）
3. C85 mg/dL（4.7 mmol/L）
4. D45 mg/dL（2.5 mmol/L）

A patient with an upper gastrointestinal bleed has a BUN of 48 mg/dL (urea 17 mmol/L) and a normal creatinine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe liver has stopped making urea because of the bleeding
2. BDigested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
3. CSkeletal muscle is breaking down because of the blood loss
4. DThe kidneys have suddenly lost most of their function

A patient with a potassium of 2.8 mEq/L has potassium chloride prescribed IV. Which statement about giving it is correct?

1. AIt may be given as a slow IV push over one minute if the level is very low
2. BIt is given as an undiluted bolus into a large vein to avoid irritation
3. CIt is always diluted and given by infusion pump, never as an IV push
4. DIt is added to the IV bag without mixing, so it stays at the bottom

A patient scheduled for surgery this morning has a potassium of 3.0 mEq/L on pre-operative tests. What should the nurse do?

1. ASend the patient to surgery without comment
2. BReport it to the surgical team before surgery
3. CGive an oral potassium dose without a prescription
4. DRepeat the test after the surgery is finished

一名患者总钙为 7.9 mg/dL（2.0 mmol/L），白蛋白为 2.4 g/dL（24 g/L），无症状。哪项检查最能澄清是否存在真正的低钙血症？

1. A尿比重
2. B血清钠
3. C离子钙
4. DHbA1c

A patient with heavy alcohol use and a poor diet has a hemoglobin of 10.1 g/dL (101 g/L), an MCV of 110 fL and a low red cell folate. Which explanation fits best?

1. AFolate deficiency, made worse by a direct alcohol effect
2. BThalassemia trait inherited from one of the parents
3. CIron deficiency from slow, chronic bleeding in the gut
4. DAnemia caused by long-standing chronic kidney disease