实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

药物的“峰”浓度测量的是什么？

1. A一周内的平均水平
2. B给药后的最高血药浓度
3. C下一次给药前的最低血药浓度
4. D药物产生毒性的水平

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this most likely show?

1. ABacteria in the urine that convert nitrate to nitrite
2. BRed blood cells leaking from the glomeruli
3. CGlucose spilling into the urine from high blood levels
4. DKetones produced from fat breakdown in fasting

Why is AST less specific for liver damage than ALT?

1. AAST is found only in the kidney tubules
2. BAST is not measured in the blood at all
3. CAST is also found in heart and skeletal muscle
4. DAST is made by the bone marrow, not the liver

An older adult takes lisinopril and furosemide and recently started daily ibuprofen for knee pain. The creatinine has risen from 1.0 to 1.8 mg/dL (88 to 159 µmol/L). What is the most likely cause?

1. AMore activity has increased the patient's muscle mass quickly
2. BNormal aging of the kidneys over a period of a few weeks
3. CA laboratory error, since ibuprofen has no effect on the kidney
4. DThe NSAID reduces kidney blood flow on top of the other two drugs

在给予处方的静脉氯化钾之前，哪项评估最重要？

1. A双耳听力
2. B尿量和肾功能
3. C前臂皮肤弹性
4. D瞳孔大小和对光反应

Which blood collection practice helps prevent hemolysis of the sample?

1. ALeaving the tourniquet on for at least 3 minutes
2. BForcing blood quickly through a needle into the tube
3. CGently inverting the tubes instead of shaking them
4. DUsing the smallest needle available for every patient

A patient with advanced chronic kidney disease has a mildly raised troponin that has stayed the same on several tests over months. There is no chest pain and the ECG is unchanged. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA sign of skeletal muscle injury, because troponin comes from all muscles
2. BA laboratory error, because troponin is never raised in kidney disease
3. CA chronic stable rise; infarction needs a rising or falling pattern
4. DProof of an acute myocardial infarction that needs emergency treatment now

为什么对肌肉量少的虚弱老年人，正常的肌酐可能具有误导性？

1. A肌酐正常总能证明肾功能正常
2. B肌肉少则产生的肌酐少，掩盖了肾功能的下降
3. C老年人的肌酐总是比年轻人高
4. D肌酐水平完全不取决于肌肉量