实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Where does most of the ammonia in the blood come from, and which organ removes it?

1. ARed cell breakdown in the spleen; removed by the skin
2. BProtein breakdown by gut bacteria; removed by the liver
3. CFat breakdown in adipose tissue; removed by the lungs
4. DGlucose breakdown in muscle; removed by the pancreas

About what proportion of total serum calcium is in the free (ionized) form?

1. ANearly all
2. BAlmost none
3. CAbout one tenth
4. DAbout half

A positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test means:

1. AThe person is immune from vaccination only
2. BThe person has never met the virus
3. CThe person had hepatitis A in the past
4. DThe person currently has hepatitis B infection

A patient has burning on urination and frequency. The dipstick is positive for nitrites and leukocyte esterase, and a urine culture is ordered. When should the sample be taken?

1. AAfter the symptoms have fully settled
2. BAfter 3 days of antibiotic treatment
3. CAt any time, as antibiotics do not matter
4. DBefore the first dose of antibiotic

A patient's levothyroxine dose was changed today. When is the TSH usually rechecked?

1. AAfter about 24 hours
2. BAfter about 1 year
3. CAfter about 6–8 weeks
4. DAfter about 3 days

一名患者的血红蛋白为 7.8 g/dL（78 g/L）。护士预期会有哪些发现？

1. A疲劳、苍白、心率快和活动时呼吸急促
2. B心率慢、皮肤潮红和血压高
3. C头痛、鼻出血和面色发红
4. D瘙痒、皮肤发黄和尿色深

A middle-aged man has fatigue, joint pain, a raised ALT and new diabetes. His ferritin is very high and his transferrin saturation is above 60%. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAnemia of chronic disease
2. BAcute viral hepatitis A
3. CHereditary hemochromatosis
4. DIron-deficiency anemia

一名长期肺部疾病的患者血清碳酸氢盐 32 mEq/L，动脉血 PaCO₂ 一直偏高，pH 7.36。哪种情况最符合？

1. A急性严重腹泻伴大量碳酸氢盐丢失
2. B急性阿司匹林过量伴呼吸急促
3. CCOPD 伴慢性 CO₂ 潴留和代谢性代偿
4. D急性糖尿病酮症酸中毒伴严重脱水和呕吐