实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Which hemoglobin value in an adult man is within the typical reference range?

1. A9.0 g/dL (90 g/L)
2. B20.5 g/dL (205 g/L)
3. C15.0 g/dL (150 g/L)
4. D5.5 g/dL (55 g/L)

What does a positive direct antiglobulin test (direct Coombs test) show?

1. AThe patient's red cells are too small and contain little hemoglobin
2. BAntibodies or complement are attached to the patient's red cells
3. CThe patient's plasma is missing the clotting factor VIII
4. DThe patient's platelets are clumping together in the blood sample

Chronic kidney disease is usually defined by an eGFR below which value for more than 3 months?

1. A120 mL/min/1.73 m²
2. B60 mL/min/1.73 m²
3. C15 mL/min/1.73 m²
4. D90 mL/min/1.73 m²

万古霉素谷浓度高于目标范围。主要担忧是哪种不良反应？

1. A肾损害（肾毒性）
2. B便秘和腹胀
3. C血小板计数升高（血小板增多症）
4. D低血糖

Which IV fluid can be given through the same line as a red cell transfusion?

1. ALactated Ringer's (Hartmann's) solution
2. B5% dextrose in water
3. C0.9% sodium chloride
4. D0.45% sodium chloride

When blood is drawn from a central venous catheter, why is a small volume of blood usually discarded first, according to policy?

1. ATo lower the patient's hemoglobin for a blood transfusion
2. BTo remove blood clots that form in all central lines
3. CTo avoid diluting the sample with flush or infusion fluid
4. DTo check that the catheter tip is still in the right vein

A patient without symptoms has a TSH of 7.5 mIU/L on two occasions with a normal free T₄. Which term fits best?

1. ASubclinical hyperthyroidism
2. BSecondary hypothyroidism
3. COvert primary hypothyroidism
4. DSubclinical hypothyroidism

An 82-year-old woman without a catheter has a urine culture growing bacteria, but no fever, urinary symptoms or change in mental state. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA urinary tract infection that needs urgent IV antibiotics
2. BPyelonephritis, which needs admission and IV fluids today
3. CContamination, so the culture must be repeated every week
4. DAsymptomatic bacteriuria, usually not treated with antibiotics