实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Where are urinary casts formed?

1. AIn the urethra
2. BIn the kidney tubules
3. CIn the urinary bladder
4. DIn the ureters

Using American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, a fasting plasma glucose of 100–125 mg/dL (5.6–6.9 mmol/L) is classed as:

1. ANormal fasting glucose for an adult
2. BPrediabetes (impaired fasting glucose)
3. CType 1 diabetes mellitus
4. DMild hypoglycemia (low glucose)

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency typically causes which type of anemia?

1. AMicrocytic anemia, with small red cells
2. BHemolytic anemia, with destroyed red cells
3. CMacrocytic anemia, with large red cells
4. DAplastic anemia, with an empty bone marrow

A patient had a total thyroidectomy yesterday. Which laboratory value is most important to monitor in the first days after surgery?

1. ASerum sodium
2. BSerum potassium
3. CSerum glucose
4. DSerum calcium

一名患者的血红蛋白为 7.8 g/dL（78 g/L）。护士预期会有哪些发现？

1. A心率慢、皮肤潮红和血压高
2. B疲劳、苍白、心率快和活动时呼吸急促
3. C瘙痒、皮肤发黄和尿色深
4. D头痛、鼻出血和面色发红

一名该服地高辛的患者钾为 3.1 mEq/L。为什么这个结果很重要？

1. A低钾使地高辛无效，所以应将剂量加倍
2. B低钾增加地高辛中毒的风险
3. C低钾可保护心脏免受地高辛副作用的影响
4. D钾与地高辛没有相互作用

A patient's potassium is 7.2 mEq/L, and the monitor shows wide QRS complexes. Several treatments are prescribed. Which should be given first?

1. AAn oral potassium binder dose
2. BUrgent hemodialysis session
3. CIV calcium gluconate (or chloride)
4. DIV furosemide (a loop diuretic)

一名新发深静脉血栓的患者正在使用肝素输注，华法林刚开始使用。为什么肝素要持续使用数日？

1. A肝素增加华法林在肠道的吸收
2. B只有同时给予肝素，华法林才起作用
3. C肝素预防华法林的副作用
4. D华法林需要数日才能达到完全的抗凝效果