实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

血清渗透压的典型参考范围是多少？

1. A约 50–100 mOsm/kg
2. B约 275–295 mOsm/kg
3. C约 400–500 mOsm/kg
4. D约 135–145 mOsm/kg

Uric acid in the blood is a breakdown product of:

1. AHemoglobin
2. BPurines
3. CGlucose
4. DFats

Which type of white blood cell is normally the most numerous in an adult's blood?

1. ALymphocytes
2. BEosinophils
3. CMonocytes
4. DNeutrophils

A patient with a low clinical probability of deep vein thrombosis has a normal (negative) D-dimer. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA DVT is confirmed and anticoagulation is needed
2. BA pulmonary embolism is now certain to be present
3. CA DVT is unlikely and can usually be ruled out
4. DThe test is useless and should always be ignored

一名服用华法林的患者开始每天大量食用羽衣甘蓝和菠菜。INR 已下降。哪项建议最恰当？

1. A在饮食恢复正常之前停用华法林
2. B保持富含维生素 K 的食物摄入量每天稳定
3. C永远不再吃绿叶蔬菜
4. D不告诉开医嘱者就将华法林剂量加倍

On the first day after major surgery, a patient's white cell count is 12.5 × 10³/µL, with no fever or wound signs. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA laboratory error, since surgery lowers white cells
2. BA common stress response to surgery that is monitored
3. CDefinite wound infection that needs antibiotics now
4. DA sign of leukemia that needs bone marrow testing

A child with sickle cell disease and a recent viral illness is pale and tired. The hemoglobin has fallen sharply, and the reticulocyte count is very low. What is the most likely problem?

1. AA normal finding in sickle cell disease
2. BAn aplastic crisis, often caused by parvovirus B19
3. CIron deficiency from a poor diet over months
4. DA vaso-occlusive pain crisis in the bones

A patient has a sodium of 150 mEq/L, a glucose of 180 mg/dL and a BUN of 28 mg/dL. Using the formula 2 × Na + glucose/18 + BUN/2.8, what is the calculated serum osmolality?

1. AAbout 320 mOsm/kg, which is high
2. BAbout 300 mOsm/kg, which is normal
3. CAbout 285 mOsm/kg, which is normal
4. DAbout 358 mOsm/kg, which is high