实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

What is the effect of insulin on serum potassium?

1. AIt has no effect on potassium in any amount
2. BIt moves potassium into cells, lowering the serum level
3. CIt makes the kidneys keep more potassium in the blood
4. DIt moves potassium out of cells, raising the serum level

In a person with HIV infection, a CD4 count below which level defines AIDS?

1. A1,000 cells/µL
2. B500 cells/µL
3. C50 cells/µL
4. D200 cells/µL

Which laboratory test is traditionally used to adjust a continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin?

1. APlatelet function assay (PFA-100 test)
2. BInternational normalized ratio (INR)
3. CErythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
4. DActivated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)

一名患者白细胞计数为 16 × 10³/µL，未成熟中性粒细胞（杆状核）比例很高。这最可能说明什么？

1. A缺铁性贫血
2. B仅是慢性病毒性疾病
3. C急性细菌感染
4. D正常结果

An older adult with chronic kidney disease starts trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for a urinary tract infection. Which electrolyte should be monitored closely?

1. ACalcium, because the drug binds calcium in the gut
2. BPotassium, because trimethoprim can raise it
3. CSodium, because the drug causes heavy sodium retention
4. DChloride, because the drug causes chloride loss

一名患者今天的空腹血糖为 98 mg/dL（5.4 mmol/L），但 HbA1c 为 8.9%（74 mmol/mol）。最好的解释是什么？

1. A过去 2–3 个月血糖控制不佳
2. B患者没有糖尿病
3. C今天的良好结果表明糖尿病控制良好
4. DHbA1c 只反映过去 24 小时

Which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pattern most strongly suggests bacterial meningitis?

1. AClear fluid, normal glucose, mildly raised protein, lymphocytes
2. BCloudy fluid, low glucose, high protein, many neutrophils
3. CClear fluid, high glucose, low protein, many red cells
4. DClear fluid, normal glucose, normal protein, no white cells

一名钙为 6.8 mg/dL（1.7 mmol/L）的患者突然出现呼吸嘈杂和声音嘶哑。这提示什么？

1. A对血液检查结果的焦虑，需要平静的安慰
2. B无需治疗就会消退的正常反应
3. C喉痉挛，属于需要紧急救助和静脉补钙的急症
4. D今天早晨开始的普通感冒