实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this most likely show?

1. ABacteria in the urine that convert nitrate to nitrite
2. BGlucose spilling into the urine from high blood levels
3. CRed blood cells leaking from the glomeruli
4. DKetones produced from fat breakdown in fasting

哪项血液检查通常是筛查甲状腺功能的首选检查？

1. A糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）
2. B血清皮质醇
3. C血清钙
4. D促甲状腺激素（TSH）

What is the effect of insulin on serum potassium?

1. AIt has no effect on potassium in any amount
2. BIt moves potassium out of cells, raising the serum level
3. CIt moves potassium into cells, lowering the serum level
4. DIt makes the kidneys keep more potassium in the blood

A patient on carbamazepine becomes confused and has a headache. Which laboratory result would most likely explain this?

1. AA low serum magnesium
2. BA high serum calcium
3. CA high serum potassium
4. DA low serum sodium

A stool test for Clostridioides difficile is ordered. Which sample is appropriate?

1. AAny stool after a laxative dose
2. BAn unformed (liquid or soft) stool
3. CA rectal swab from a patient with constipation
4. DA formed, hard stool sample

A young adult with new diabetes has a very low C-peptide level. What does this suggest?

1. AThe pancreas is making very little insulin, as in type 1 diabetes
2. BThe patient has high insulin resistance, as in type 2 diabetes
3. CThe kidneys are excreting all of the patient's insulin in urine
4. DThe patient is injecting too much insulin and needs a lower dose

A patient receiving IV magnesium sulfate has a respiratory rate of 9/min and absent patellar reflexes. After stopping the infusion, which medication should the nurse expect to give?

1. ASodium bicarbonate
2. BCalcium gluconate
3. CPotassium chloride
4. DProtamine sulfate

一名患者总钙为 7.9 mg/dL（2.0 mmol/L），白蛋白为 2.4 g/dL（24 g/L），无症状。哪项检查最能澄清是否存在真正的低钙血症？

1. A离子钙
2. BHbA1c
3. C尿比重
4. D血清钠