实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Which statement about HDL cholesterol is correct?

1. AHigher levels are linked to a lower risk of heart disease
2. BHigher levels are the main cause of plaque in the arteries
3. CIt should ideally be kept below 40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L)
4. DIt is the same as the fasting triglyceride level

What is the main effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?

1. ASodium is retained and potassium is excreted
2. BGlucose is retained and urea is excreted
3. CCalcium is retained and phosphate is excreted
4. DSodium is excreted and potassium is retained

What is a main role of albumin in the blood?

1. AIt holds fluid in the vessels by oncotic pressure
2. BIt fights bacteria by engulfing them in the blood
3. CIt carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues
4. DIt forms the mesh that holds a blood clot together

A trauma patient receives 2 L of IV crystalloid. The hemoglobin falls from 13.0 to 11.4 g/dL (130 to 114 g/L), and the vital signs are now stable. Which explanation is most likely?

1. AIncreased red cell production
2. BA laboratory error in the first sample
3. CA sudden failure of the bone marrow
4. DDilution of the blood by the IV fluid

In the US, when is a pregnant woman without known risk factors usually screened for gestational diabetes?

1. AOnly after the baby is born
2. BAt about 38–40 weeks of pregnancy
3. CAt about 6–8 weeks of pregnancy
4. DAt about 24–28 weeks of pregnancy

一名一小时前开始胸痛的患者首次肌钙蛋白正常。正确的解释是什么？

1. A已排除心肌梗死，因此不需要再检测肌钙蛋白
2. B肌钙蛋白对胸痛患者没有用
3. C不能排除心肌梗死；应按规程重复检测肌钙蛋白
4. D患者可以立即出院回家

A patient with suspected Cushing syndrome takes dexamethasone at night. The next morning, the cortisol is still high. What does this suggest?

1. AThe adrenal glands are not able to produce enough cortisol
2. BThe result is normal, as dexamethasone raises cortisol
3. CThe patient has primary hypothyroidism instead
4. DCortisol is being produced without normal feedback control

The nurse teaches a patient with chronic kidney disease about a potassium-restricted diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll check food labels and ask my dietitian about portion sizes"
2. B"I'll limit bananas, oranges and potatoes in my meals"
3. C"I can leach potatoes by soaking them before cooking them"
4. D"Dried apricots and raisins will be a good snack for me now"