实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

How does dehydration usually affect the hematocrit?

1. AIt makes it zero
2. BIt raises it
3. CIt lowers it
4. DIt has no effect

成人白细胞计数的典型参考范围是多少？

1. A约 4.5–11 × 10³/µL（4.5–11 × 10⁹/L）
2. B约 150–400 × 10³/µL（150–400 × 10⁹/L）
3. C约 0.5–1.0 × 10³/µL（0.5–1.0 × 10⁹/L）
4. D约 25–40 × 10³/µL（25–40 × 10⁹/L）

What is the main effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on serum calcium?

1. AIt lowers serum calcium
2. BIt only changes urine calcium
3. CIt has no effect on calcium
4. DIt raises serum calcium

A patient takes high-dose biotin supplements for hair and nails. Why should the nurse report this before blood tests?

1. ABiotin causes a true rise in blood glucose in all patients
2. BBiotin makes the blood clot in the tube before testing
3. CBiotin can distort some immunoassays, such as troponin or TSH
4. DBiotin lowers the hemoglobin by destroying the red cells

A patient with suspected pulmonary TB needs sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli. Which instruction is correct?

1. AGive one sample after brushing with mouthwash so it is clean
2. BGive several samples of nasal mucus blown into a tissue
3. CGive one sample of saliva collected from the mouth at any time of day
4. DGive several deep-cough samples, often first thing in the morning

A patient has macrocytic anemia with numbness and tingling of the feet and poor balance. Which deficiency is most likely?

1. AVitamin B₁₂
2. BFolate (folic acid)
3. CVitamin C (ascorbic acid)
4. DIron (low ferritin)

护士应首先报告哪位患者的结果？

1. A一名 2 型糖尿病患者 HbA1c 7.4%（57 mmol/mol）
2. B一名已知稳定 CKD 的患者肌酐 1.6 mg/dL（141 µmol/L）
3. C总胆固醇略高于目标
4. D一名出汗并意识模糊的患者血糖 42 mg/dL（2.3 mmol/L）

哪一组结果最能代表缺铁性贫血？

1. A血红蛋白低、红细胞小（MCV 低）和铁蛋白低
2. B血红蛋白正常，仅血小板计数高
3. C血红蛋白低、红细胞大（MCV 高）和铁蛋白高
4. D血红蛋白高和血细胞比容高