实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

In many US nursing references, what is the commonly cited therapeutic range for serum lithium in maintenance therapy?

1. AAbout 2.0–3.0 mEq/L
2. BAbout 10–20 mEq/L
3. CAbout 0.6–1.2 mEq/L
4. DAbout 3.5–5.0 mEq/L

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

1. APlasma is the fluid left after blood clots, without fibrinogen
2. BSerum contains all the red cells, while plasma contains none
3. CSerum is what is left after blood clots, minus clotting factors
4. DSerum and plasma are two names for exactly the same fluid

On urinalysis, dark amber urine with a high specific gravity most often suggests:

1. AVery dilute urine from high fluid intake
2. BNormal urine after drinking extra water
3. CConcentrated urine from low fluid intake
4. DUrine with a large amount of glucose

A patient is on an IV insulin infusion protocol in the ICU. How often is the blood glucose usually checked?

1. AOnce a day before breakfast
2. BOnly if symptoms occur
3. COnce every 12 hours
4. DAbout every hour

A patient with sepsis has a lactate of 2.1 mmol/L on admission and 4.3 mmol/L two hours later, despite IV fluids. What does this suggest?

1. AImproving circulation as the fluids start to work
2. BWorsening tissue perfusion that needs urgent reporting
3. CExpected muscle activity from shivering in fever
4. DA normal response to IV fluids in the first hours

A pregnant woman's blood type is O Rh-negative, and her antibody screen (indirect Coombs test) is negative. What is usually offered at about 28 weeks?

1. AA transfusion of group O Rh-positive red cells
2. BAn IV dose of vitamin K given for the fetus
3. CAnti-D immunoglobulin (Rho(D) immune globulin)
4. DDaily oral iron and folic acid supplements only

一名使用肝素输注的患者血小板计数在第 7 天从 260 降至 110 × 10³/µL。哪项措施最恰当？

1. A继续输注，并按方案增加速度
2. B立即上报：可能是肝素诱导的血小板减少症
3. C不采取措施，因为计数仍略高于 100 × 10³/µL
4. D输注血小板并继续使用肝素

A frail older adult in a nursing home has been drinking very little during a heat wave. She is confused, and her sodium is 158 mEq/L. Which treatment would the nurse expect?

1. ARapid infusion of 3% saline to raise the volume
2. BGradual replacement of free water over many hours
3. CStrict fluid restriction to below 800 mL a day
4. DA loop diuretic to remove the extra sodium quickly