实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

哪项尿液检查用于筛查糖尿病患者早期的肾损害？

1. A尿妊娠试验
2. B尿白蛋白/肌酐比值（ACR）
3. C尿细菌培养
4. D尿比重

对于钠和钾，1 mEq/L 与 1 mmol/L 相比如何？

1. A无法比较，因为它们测量的是不同的东西
2. B对这些离子来说，1 mEq/L 等于 0.5 mmol/L
3. C两者相等，因为每个离子带一个电荷
4. D对这些离子来说，1 mEq/L 等于 2 mmol/L

Which hemoglobin value in an adult man is within the typical reference range?

1. A9.0 g/dL (90 g/L)
2. B20.5 g/dL (205 g/L)
3. C5.5 g/dL (55 g/L)
4. D15.0 g/dL (150 g/L)

A patient with a potassium of 2.8 mEq/L has potassium chloride prescribed IV. Which statement about giving it is correct?

1. AIt is given as an undiluted bolus into a large vein to avoid irritation
2. BIt is always diluted and given by infusion pump, never as an IV push
3. CIt may be given as a slow IV push over one minute if the level is very low
4. DIt is added to the IV bag without mixing, so it stays at the bottom

A patient has taken a proton pump inhibitor (such as omeprazole) for many years and now has muscle cramps and tremor. Which electrolyte is most likely to be low?

1. ASodium
2. BMagnesium
3. CPhosphate
4. DChloride

A stool test for Clostridioides difficile is ordered. Which sample is appropriate?

1. AA formed, hard stool sample
2. BA rectal swab from a patient with constipation
3. CAny stool after a laxative dose
4. DAn unformed (liquid or soft) stool

一名心力衰竭患者入院时 BNP 很高，在利尿治疗后正在下降。这最可能说明什么？

1. A必须立即停用利尿剂
2. B心脏的牵拉减轻，与病情改善相符
3. C利尿剂引起新的肾衰竭
4. D心力衰竭加重，需要更多液体

A patient on a stable dose of levothyroxine now has a TSH of 9.8 mIU/L. She recently started taking her calcium and iron supplements with her morning levothyroxine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe result is normal for a person on levothyroxine therapy
2. BThe TSH is low, showing that the dose is now too high
3. CThe supplements are causing an overactive thyroid gland
4. DThe supplements are reducing levothyroxine absorption