实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

What is the main role of platelets?

1. ATo produce antibodies against bacteria and viruses
2. BTo break down old red cells in the spleen
3. CTo form a plug at the site of vessel injury
4. DTo carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood

Which body system shows the main symptoms of a low serum sodium?

1. AThe skeleton
2. BThe skin and hair
3. CThe nervous system
4. DThe eyes only

Serum amylase is less specific than lipase for pancreatitis because amylase also comes from:

1. AThe heart muscle
2. BThe salivary glands
3. CThe thyroid gland
4. DThe bone marrow

A test has very high sensitivity for a disease. What does a negative result mean?

1. AThe disease is certain, so treatment should begin
2. BThe patient must have a different disease instead
3. CThe result cannot be used, because sensitivity is high
4. DThe disease is unlikely, so it helps rule it out

A patient with HIV on antiretroviral therapy has an undetectable viral load. What does this mean?

1. AThe CD4 count must now be dangerously low too
2. BThe treatment is suppressing the virus very well
3. CThe treatment can now be stopped without any risk
4. DThe virus has been completely cured and removed

A tired patient with heavy menstrual periods has a normal hemoglobin and MCV but a ferritin of 8 ng/mL. What does this show?

1. AIron overload from too much iron
2. BIron deficiency without anemia yet
3. CVitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemia
4. DA completely normal iron status

A patient with a large, fast-growing lymphoma will start chemotherapy tomorrow. Which plan best prevents tumor lysis syndrome?

1. ANo special measures, because the risk starts only after a week
2. BFluid restriction and a high-potassium diet before the treatment
3. CCalcium supplements and a high-phosphate diet during treatment
4. DIV hydration, a uric acid-lowering drug and frequent electrolytes

一名长期肺部疾病的患者血清碳酸氢盐 32 mEq/L，动脉血 PaCO₂ 一直偏高，pH 7.36。哪种情况最符合？

1. ACOPD 伴慢性 CO₂ 潴留和代谢性代偿
2. B急性糖尿病酮症酸中毒伴严重脱水和呕吐
3. C急性阿司匹林过量伴呼吸急促
4. D急性严重腹泻伴大量碳酸氢盐丢失