实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Why can bilirubin appear in the urine in obstructive jaundice but not in hemolytic jaundice?

1. AOnly conjugated bilirubin is water soluble and filtered
2. BUnconjugated bilirubin is broken down in the bladder
3. CThe kidneys are always damaged in obstructive jaundice
4. DHemolysis stops the kidneys making any urine at all

Where is urea, measured as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), made?

1. AIn the bone marrow, from old red blood cells
2. BIn the muscles, from the breakdown of creatine
3. CIn the liver, from the breakdown of protein
4. DIn the kidneys, from the breakdown of glucose

What is the usual target INR for a patient taking warfarin for a deep vein thrombosis?

1. A2.0–3.0
2. B1.0–1.5
3. C0.8–1.2
4. D4.0–5.0

垂体手术后，一名患者每小时排出约 400 mL 淡色尿，比重 1.002，钠已升至 149 mEq/L。最可能的是哪种情况？

1. A高血糖伴酮症酸中毒
2. B急性肾损伤伴少尿
3. CSIADH
4. D尿崩症

A patient is scheduled for a liver biopsy. Which laboratory results should the nurse check before the procedure?

1. APlatelet count and PT/INR
2. BHbA1c and lipid panel
3. CTSH and free T₄
4. DSerum sodium and chloride

A patient with hyperkalemia received IV regular insulin with dextrose. Which result must the nurse monitor closely over the next hours?

1. ABlood glucose, because hypoglycemia can occur
2. BHemoglobin, because insulin causes red cell loss
3. CSerum calcium, because it falls sharply
4. DSerum sodium, because it rises quickly

A patient with kidney stones and fatigue has a calcium of 11.6 mg/dL (2.9 mmol/L), a high parathyroid hormone (PTH) and a low phosphate. Which condition is most likely?

1. AHypoparathyroidism
2. BCancer-related hypercalcemia
3. CVitamin D deficiency
4. DPrimary hyperparathyroidism

一名服用地高辛的患者血药水平为 1.2 ng/mL，钾 2.8 mEq/L，新出现频发室性早搏。最好的解释是什么？

1. A患者需要更高剂量的地高辛来控制心律
2. B可能存在中毒，因为低钾会增强地高辛的作用
3. C地高辛不可能是原因，因为水平在通常范围内
4. D钾对心律没有影响