内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

What does the term "apnoea" mean?

1. ACoughing up blood
2. BBreathlessness on lying flat
3. CA pause or stop in breathing
4. DA breathing rate above normal

对吸烟者来说，哪项干预最能有效延缓 COPD 的进展？

1. A长期口服抗生素
2. B长期家庭氧疗
3. C戒烟
4. D每日口服皮质类固醇

下肢静脉性溃疡最常发生在哪里？

1. A内踝（脚踝内侧）上方
2. B足底跖骨头下方
3. C足跟后部
4. D脚趾尖端

Which advice is most helpful for a patient with Raynaud's phenomenon?

1. ATake a decongestant tablet before going outdoors
2. BKeep the whole body warm, wear gloves and stop smoking
3. CRub the fingers hard with snow during an attack
4. DSoak the hands in cold water to toughen the vessels

Why is a shock for cardioversion synchronised with the QRS complex?

1. ATo allow the use of a lower battery charge
2. BTo make the shock less painful for the patient
3. CTo keep the pads from burning the skin
4. DTo avoid delivering the shock during the T wave

Why is intravenous furosemide given slowly rather than as a rapid push of a large dose?

1. ARapid doses cause severe constipation
2. BRapid high doses can damage hearing
3. CSlow injection makes the urine output larger
4. DRapid doses cause the potassium level to rise

A patient had 40 minutes of chest pain at rest. The ECG shows ST depression without ST elevation, and the troponin is rising. What is the diagnosis?

1. AStable angina
2. BAcute pericarditis
3. CST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
4. DNon-ST-elevation myocardial infarction

A patient being treated for pulmonary TB repeatedly misses doses and stops when they feel better. Which strategy is most effective?

1. AStopping treatment, as it is clearly not working for this patient
2. BSwitching to a single drug to make it easier
3. CDoubling the dose on the days the patient remembers to take it
4. DDirectly observed therapy with support for barriers to adherence