内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

What is a thoracentesis?

1. AMeasuring lung volumes by blowing into a tube
2. BInserting a flexible camera into the airways to look inside
3. CRemoving a lobe of the lung
4. DRemoving fluid from the pleural space with a needle

Which drug reverses the effect of unfractionated heparin?

1. AVitamin K (phytomenadione)
2. BNaloxone
3. CFlumazenil
4. DProtamine sulfate

During manual blood pressure measurement, what does the first clear tapping sound (Korotkoff phase 1) mark?

1. AThe pulse pressure
2. BThe diastolic pressure
3. CThe mean arterial pressure
4. DThe systolic pressure

Which feature of a COPD exacerbation most suggests that antibiotics are needed?

1. AA mild sore throat that lasted for one day only
2. BA clear runny nose
3. CA dry, tickly cough with no sputum at all for a day
4. DAn increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum

Why is aspirin chewed rather than swallowed whole in a suspected acute coronary syndrome?

1. AChewing changes aspirin into an anticoagulant
2. BChewing stops the aspirin from irritating the lining of the stomach
3. CChewing speeds absorption, giving a faster antiplatelet effect
4. DWhole aspirin tablets cannot be absorbed at all from the gut

A patient has pneumonia in the right lung only. In which side-lying position will oxygenation usually be best?

1. ALying on the right side, with the affected lung down
2. BFlat on the back with no pillows
3. CLying on the left side, with the healthy lung down
4. DProne with the head down

经桡动脉心导管检查术后，最重要的评估是什么？

1. A每四小时的尿比重
2. B每 15 分钟的瞳孔大小和对光反应
3. C手部的血液循环、感觉和活动，以及穿刺部位
4. D检查后每小时的肠鸣音和腹围

Minutes after an IV antibiotic is started, a patient has wheeze, swollen lips, a rash and BP 78/44 mmHg. The infusion has been stopped and help called. What is the next priority?

1. AGive an oral antihistamine tablet and observe for an hour
2. BGive a nebulised salbutamol dose only
3. CRestart the infusion at a slower rate
4. DGive intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine)