内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which structure is the heart's natural pacemaker?

1. AThe bundle of His
2. BThe atrioventricular (AV) node
3. CThe sinoatrial (SA) node
4. DThe Purkinje fibres

In hospital, how is oxygen therapy treated?

1. AAs a medicine that needs a prescription with a target range
2. BAs a treatment that patients adjust themselves
3. CAs a treatment kept only for patients who are near the end of life
4. DAs a comfort measure that needs no prescription or monitoring

深静脉血栓形成最严重的并发症是什么？

1. A浅表血栓性静脉炎
2. B静脉曲张
3. C血栓后下肢肿胀
4. D肺栓塞

A patient is on a short course of oral prednisolone for an asthma exacerbation. Which effect should the nurse monitor for?

1. ASlow heart rate
2. BLow blood sodium
3. CRaised blood glucose
4. DLow blood pressure

Which history is a contraindication to thrombolysis for a STEMI?

1. AA previous appendicectomy many years ago
2. BA previous haemorrhagic stroke
3. CMild asthma controlled with inhalers
4. DTreated high blood pressure

Why must inspired air be humidified for a patient with a tracheostomy?

1. AHumidified air contains more oxygen than dry air at the same flow
2. BHumidification prevents the cuff from deflating
3. CThe nose and upper airway, which warm and moisten air, are bypassed
4. DDry air is needed to stop secretions forming in the trachea

一名 COPD 患者将带着长期氧疗回家。哪项宣教要点对安全最重要？

1. A把备用氧气瓶存放在灶具旁边
2. B绝不吸烟，也不要让明火靠近氧气
3. C用凡士林缓解鼻腔干燥
4. D呼吸困难时可以把流量调到需要的最大值

一名哮喘患者的峰流速为其最佳值的 40%，呼吸频率 28 次/分，不能说完整句子。SpO₂ 94%。该次发作应如何分级？

1. A危及生命的哮喘
2. B急性重度哮喘
3. C中度哮喘加重
4. D濒死性哮喘