内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Drug names ending in "-olol", such as bisoprolol and atenolol, belong to which class?

1. ABeta-blockers
2. BLoop diuretics
3. CACE inhibitors
4. DCalcium channel blockers

On spirometry, what does a reduced FEV₁/FVC ratio indicate?

1. ANormal lung function
2. BWeak heart muscle
3. CObstruction to airflow
4. DLow haemoglobin

What is the "calf muscle pump"?

1. AA device that inflates around the calf during surgery to warm the leg
2. BThe artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the muscles of the calf
3. CCalf muscles squeezing the deep veins to push blood towards the heart
4. DA heart valve that pumps blood into the legs

A patient is going home with a 24-hour Holter monitor. Which instruction is most important?

1. AStay in bed for the full 24 hours so the trace is clear
2. BKeep a diary of symptoms and activities with the times
3. CRemove the monitor whenever symptoms occur and restart it
4. DShower as normal with the monitor on

What is the main problem in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?

1. AA leaking aortic valve
2. BA dilated ventricle that cannot contract strongly
3. CA blocked pulmonary artery
4. DA stiff ventricle that fills poorly in diastole

一名胸痛患者要求使用硝酸甘油（glyceryl trinitrate）。哪项信息意味着护士应暂停给药并联系开处方者？

1. A患者上周有过头痛
2. B患者的血压为 150/90 mmHg
3. C患者每天服用他汀
4. D患者今天早些时候服用了西地那非

为什么高流量氧疗要使用湿化？

1. A高流量的干燥气体会使气道干燥，分泌物变稠
2. B湿化的气体每升携带的氧气比干燥气体多
3. C湿化可防止氧中毒的发生
4. D水蒸气可滤除氧气供应中的细菌

A 74-year-old with atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes asks why she needs an anticoagulant when she feels well. Which reply is best?

1. AThe anticoagulant will stop the irregular heartbeat for good
2. BIt is needed only while she has palpitations
3. CHer risk of stroke is high, and an anticoagulant lowers it
4. DIt is given to lower her blood pressure