内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

一名心力衰竭患者说夜间需要垫三个枕头才能舒适地呼吸。这种症状称为什么？

1. A呼吸过缓
2. B呼吸急促
3. C端坐呼吸
4. D咯血

What does "myocardial infarction" mean?

1. AInfection of the heart valves
2. BInflammation of the membrane that surrounds the heart
3. CTemporary chest pain with no muscle damage
4. DDeath of heart muscle caused by a blocked blood supply

Which three symptoms are classic in severe aortic stenosis?

1. ACalf pain, leg swelling and redness of one leg
2. BWheeze, cough and clear sputum
3. CFever, painful swollen joints and a spreading skin rash
4. DExertional chest pain, fainting and breathlessness

A patient with heart failure takes furosemide once a day. When is the best time to take it?

1. AIn the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night
2. BJust before the evening meal, with a large drink
3. CAt bedtime, so the effect lasts through the night
4. DWhenever the ankles look swollen, on those days only

一名心力衰竭患者在服用 ACE 抑制剂的基础上开始使用螺内酯。哪项血液检查结果需要密切监测？

1. A钾，因为两种药都可能使其升高
2. B钙，因为两种药都可能使其降低
3. C血红蛋白，因为两种药都可能引起出血
4. D血糖，因为两种药都可能引起低血糖

Where is the V1 electrode placed for a 12-lead ECG?

1. AJust below the left collarbone
2. BThe fourth intercostal space just right of the sternum
3. CThe fifth intercostal space in the mid-axillary line
4. DOver the left nipple

A patient with squamous cell lung cancer becomes confused, thirsty and constipated, with abdominal pain. Which electrolyte disturbance is most likely?

1. AHypokalaemia
2. BHyponatraemia
3. CHypercalcaemia
4. DHypomagnesaemia

一名因心房颤动服用华法林的患者被开具克拉霉素。哪项措施最恰当？

1. A询问是否应提前检查 INR，因为它可能升高
2. B疗程期间将华法林剂量加倍
3. C整个抗生素疗程期间停用华法林
4. D不作任何改变，因为抗生素不影响华法林