内外科护理：消化、围手术期与肿瘤练习卷（附答案）

成人烧伤的初始复苏通常使用哪种液体？

1. A静脉注射 50% 葡萄糖溶液
2. B静脉注射用灭菌水
3. C口服含气可乐饮料
4. D哈特曼液（乳酸林格液）

What does the ASA physical status classification describe?

1. AThe exact length of the planned operation
2. BThe patient's pain score after surgery
3. CThe patient's general health before anaesthesia
4. DThe type of anaesthetic drug the surgeon prefers

What is a common reason for giving a premedication before surgery?

1. ATo treat the surgical wound in advance
2. BTo make the patient hungry after surgery
3. CTo reduce anxiety
4. DTo replace the general anaesthetic

Which factor can precipitate hepatic encephalopathy in a patient with cirrhosis?

1. ARegular gentle walking
2. BConstipation
3. CA low-salt diet
4. DA high fluid intake

Why is it important to prevent perioperative hypothermia?

1. AIt increases bleeding, wound infection and heart complications
2. BIt lowers the risk of pain after surgery
3. CIt reduces the amount of anaesthetic needed, which is unsafe
4. DIt makes patients wake up from the anaesthetic too quickly

Which initial treatment is usual for symptomatic hypercalcaemia of malignancy?

1. AOral calcium tablets and vitamin D
2. BA high-calcium diet with extra milk
3. CIV fluids followed by an IV bisphosphonate
4. DFluid restriction and a thiazide diuretic

A few hours after thyroid surgery, a patient's neck swells rapidly and they become short of breath with stridor. What is most likely?

1. AAn allergy to the wound dressing
2. BA haematoma pressing on the airway
3. CNormal swelling after neck surgery
4. DLow blood calcium from the surgery

Four patients from a house fire arrive in the emergency department. Which should the nurse assess first?

1. AA blistered forearm burn and a small cut on the knee
2. BPartial-thickness burns to both legs, with pain rated 8/10
3. CCircumferential chest burns, with breathing becoming shallow and laboured
4. DRedness on the backs of both hands, and very anxious