内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which ECG change is typical of hyperkalaemia?

1. AA shortened PR interval
2. BProminent U waves
3. CFlattened T waves
4. DTall, peaked T waves

Which description fits a cluster headache?

1. AA mild band-like ache across both sides of the head
2. BA throbbing headache on both sides after drinking coffee
3. CA slowly worsening headache over months with vomiting in the morning
4. DSevere one-sided pain around the eye with a watery eye

Why should people with diabetic neuropathy avoid walking barefoot?

1. AInsulin is absorbed less well from the feet and the legs
2. BBare feet lose too much heat through the skin
3. CThey may not feel an injury, so it can go unnoticed
4. DWalking barefoot raises the blood glucose

Which nursing action helps most to prevent and manage delirium in an older inpatient?

1. AKeep the lights on all night so the patient can see clearly
2. BMove the patient to a different room each day for variety
3. CRestrain the patient so that they do not wander off the ward
4. DUse glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often

Why are tacrolimus blood levels checked regularly?

1. AThe levels show how much urine the kidney is making
2. BThe drug only works if levels are as high as possible
3. CToo high harms the kidney; too low risks rejection
4. DThe levels show whether the patient has diabetes

一名右半球卒中的患者忽略盘子左侧的食物。这称为什么？

1. A表达性失语
2. B吞咽困难
3. C左侧忽略
4. D小脑共济失调

一名服用锂盐的患者多尿、口渴，使用去氨加压素后尿液仍不能浓缩。最可能的原因是什么？

1. A新发的 1 型糖尿病
2. B锂引起的肾性尿崩症
3. C锂引起的 SIADH
4. D头部受伤后的中枢性尿崩症

The night after hip surgery, an 84-year-old becomes suddenly confused and tries to pull out their IV line. What is the most appropriate first step?

1. ALook for causes such as low oxygen, pain, retention or infection
2. BAsk for a strong sedative so that the patient can sleep
3. CApply wrist restraints to protect the IV line
4. DTell the family that this is the start of dementia