内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which common painkiller can harm the kidneys, especially in dehydration?

1. AIbuprofen
2. BMorphine
3. CCodeine
4. DParacetamol (acetaminophen)

Which fasting plasma glucose level is used to diagnose diabetes?

1. A5.5 mmol/L (99 mg/dL) or higher
2. B15.0 mmol/L (270 mg/dL) or higher
3. C7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or higher
4. D4.0 mmol/L (72 mg/dL) or higher

Which head injury is classically linked to a lucid interval after a blow to the side of the head?

1. AChronic subdural haematoma
2. BDiffuse axonal injury
3. CConcussion
4. DExtradural haematoma

A patient taking sodium valproate becomes tired and is vomiting, and the nurse notices yellowing of the eyes. What is the main concern?

1. ADehydration from drinking too little
2. BA sign that the dose is too low
3. CLiver toxicity from valproate
4. DA normal adjustment reaction to the drug

A patient taking a GLP-1 receptor agonist has severe, constant upper abdominal pain spreading to the back, with vomiting. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AAcute pancreatitis
2. BNormal nausea from the drug
3. CLow blood glucose
4. DA simple urinary tract infection

A patient on ciclosporin or tacrolimus asks about grapefruit juice. Which advice is correct?

1. ADrink it with each dose to improve the absorption
2. BDrink it daily to protect the kidney
3. CIt has no effect on these drugs
4. DAvoid it, because it can raise the drug levels

一名肺癌合并 SIADH 的患者血钠 112 mmol/L，正在抽搐。最恰当的治疗是什么？

1. A以高速率静脉输注 5% 葡萄糖，直到抽搐停止
2. B大量口服水以帮助稀释尿液
3. C在最初六小时内迅速纠正到 140 mmol/L
4. D在监护下使用高渗盐水，限制上升速度

A patient with an external ventricular drain sat up in bed without help. The drain stayed at its old height, and the drainage bag filled quickly. The patient now has a headache. What is the concern?

1. AUnderdrainage, so the drain should be lowered further
2. BNo concern, because more drainage always lowers the ICP safely
3. COverdrainage of CSF, so act per protocol and inform the team
4. DAn infected drain, so the dressing should be removed