内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which description best fits type 2 diabetes?

1. AAutoimmune destruction of all beta cells in childhood
2. BToo much insulin released after meals
3. CInsulin resistance with a relative lack of insulin
4. DA total lack of insulin from birth

门冬胰岛素或赖脯胰岛素等速效胰岛素通常应在何时注射？

1. A餐前不久或进餐时
2. B餐后约两小时
3. C每天一次，无论进餐情况
4. D睡前，不进食

What happens in multiple sclerosis?

1. AAntibodies block signals at the junction between nerve and muscle
2. BA virus destroys the nerves in the arms and legs
3. CThe immune system damages myelin in the brain and spinal cord
4. DMotor nerve cells slowly die without any inflammation

Which statement about storing insulin is correct?

1. AAll insulin must be stored in the freezer to keep it stable
2. BInsulin that has been frozen can be used once it has thawed
3. CInsulin should be kept on a sunny windowsill to stay warm
4. DUnopened insulin goes in the fridge and must never be frozen

脊髓损伤患者发生自主神经反射异常最常见的诱因是什么？

1. A低血糖
2. B长时间睡眠
3. C夜间吃得过快的一顿大餐
4. D膀胱充盈或导尿管堵塞

A patient with untreated hyperthyroidism is losing weight. Which diet is most appropriate until the condition is controlled?

1. AA diet very high in caffeine for energy
2. BA low-calorie diet to protect the heart
3. CA strict low-protein diet
4. DA high-calorie diet with enough protein

一名护士正在护理四位患者。应首先看哪位患者？

1. A到了服用左甲状腺素时间的稳定型甲状腺功能减退患者
2. B开颅术后右侧瞳孔新近散大且反应迟钝的患者
3. C流出液清亮的腹膜透析患者
4. D询问磷结合剂的 CKD 患者

凌晨 03:00 一名患者的血糖为 3.6 mmol/L，但早餐前血糖偏高。该患者晚上使用长效胰岛素。护士应怎么做？

1. A处理低血糖，并报告这一规律，以便复核晚间剂量
2. B忽略夜间读数，只根据早晨的数值处理
3. C03:00 额外给胰岛素，因为早晨的数值会偏高
4. D永久停用所有胰岛素，并每四小时监测血糖